Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … net Percent GDP in Venezuela
Venezuela: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … net Percent GDP was -5.06 in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Venezuela, 1988–2025
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Venezuela recorded -5.06 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2025.
The figure is down 68.3% on the previous year and up 25.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Venezuela peaked at 12.83 in 1996 and was at its lowest, -30.29, in 2018.
That places Venezuela 34th out of 36 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … net Percent GDP in Venezuela, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | -5.85 | — |
| 1989 | 4.47 | -176.4% |
| 1990 | 8.86 | +98.4% |
| 1991 | 1.88 | -78.7% |
| 1992 | -2.38 | -226.2% |
| 1993 | 1.7 | -171.4% |
| 1994 | -6.06 | -456.8% |
| 1995 | 0.3427 | -105.7% |
| 1996 | 12.83 | +3644.6% |
| 1997 | 5.58 | -56.5% |
| 1998 | -0.6079 | -110.9% |
| 1999 | 4.58 | -854.0% |
| 2000 | 7.53 | +64.3% |
| 2001 | -1.2 | -115.9% |
| 2002 | 3.73 | -412.4% |
| 2003 | 5.38 | +44.1% |
| 2004 | 6.23 | +15.7% |
| 2005 | 7.07 | +13.5% |
| 2006 | 0.4828 | -93.2% |
| 2007 | -1.19 | -346.6% |
| 2008 | -2.01 | +69.2% |
| 2009 | -7.22 | +258.5% |
| 2010 | -3.17 | -56.1% |
| 2011 | -6.08 | +91.6% |
| 2012 | -6.55 | +7.7% |
| 2013 | -7.49 | +14.3% |
| 2014 | -7.49 | +0.0% |
| 2015 | -6.82 | -8.9% |
| 2016 | -8.06 | +18.2% |
| 2017 | -13.23 | +64.2% |
| 2018 | -30.29 | +128.9% |
| 2019 | -9.95 | -67.1% |
| 2020 | -4.9 | -50.8% |
| 2021 | -4.54 | -7.3% |
| 2022 | -4.27 | -5.9% |
| 2023 | -0.4908 | -88.5% |
| 2024 | -3.01 | +512.4% |
| 2025 | -5.06 | +68.3% |
Venezuela compared with similar countries
- Venezuela's -5.06 is below the median for Latin America & Caribbean, which is 0.9922. (34 countries reporting)
- Venezuela's -5.06 is below the median for lower middle income countries, which is -1.08, 4.7× the median. (5 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … net Percent GDP in Venezuela changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | +3644.6% | 0.3427 | 12.83 |
| 1999 | +854.0% | -0.6079 | 4.58 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.6897 | -5.85 | 4.47 | 2 |
| 1990s | 2.67 | -6.06 | 12.83 | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.88 | -7.22 | 7.53 | 10 |
| 2010s | -9.91 | -30.29 | -3.17 | 10 |
| 2020s | -3.71 | -5.06 | -0.4908 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Venezuela
- 31 Ecuador -1.74 compare
- 32 United States -3.08 compare
- 33 Saint Kitts and Nevis -3.24 compare
- 35 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -5.33 compare
- 36 Bolivia -5.98 compare
More external debt data for Venezuela
- Other investment, Debt instruments 191.50 billion US dollar (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) -4.07 % change on previous year (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 842.00 million US dollar (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 6,225 US dollar per person (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 1.7 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2016)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 801.48 million (2015)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -5.5 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations -7.57 % change on previous year (2016)
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government -4.54 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 27.37 US dollar per person (2016)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Venezuela?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Venezuela was -5.06 in 2025, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Venezuela?
- The highest recorded value was 12.83 in 1996.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Venezuela?
- The lowest recorded value was -30.29 in 2018.
- How does Venezuela rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Venezuela ranks 34th out of 36 countries with data for 2025.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Venezuela?
- Over the last ten years it is up 25.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Venezuela data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The WHD Regional Economic Outlook (REO) provides information on recent economic developments and prospects for countries in the Western Hemisphere. Data for the Western Hemisphere REO are prepared in conjunction and are consistent with the semi-annual World Economic Outlook (WEO) exercises. REO aggregate data may differ from WEO aggregates due to differences in group membership. Composite data for country groups are weighted averages of data for individual countries. Arithmetic weighted averages are used for all concepts except for inflation and broad money, for which geometric averages are used. PPP GDP weights from the WEO database are used for the aggregation of real GDP growth, real non-oil GDP growth, real per capita GDP growth, investment, national savings, broad money, claims on the nonfinancial private sector, and real and nominal effective exchange rates. Aggregates for other concepts are weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars at market exchange rates.