Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in G20

G20: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -2.85 in 2030. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2030)
-2.85
Change on year
up 4.4%
Rank
15th
of 17 groups
All-time high
0.4425
in 2007
All-time low
-8.87
in 2020
Years of data
36
1992–2030

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in G20, 1992–2030

-8-6-4-201992201120301992: -0.2941993: -1.61994: -1.81995: -2.31996: -12000: -0.5682001: 0.2812002: -1.62003: -2.12004: -1.32005: -0.4652006: 0.352007: 0.4432008: -1.12009: -6.12010: -4.62011: -3.12012: -2.52013: -1.62014: -1.42015: -1.72016: -1.92017: -1.72018: -1.72019: -2.52020: -8.92021: -5.52022: -2.52023: -3.72024: -3.72025: -3.42026: -3.42027: -3.42028: -3.32029: -32030: -2.9

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in G20 stood at -2.85.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 4.4% on the previous year and up 67.8% over ten years.

Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in G20 peaked at 0.4425 in 2007 and was at its lowest, -8.87, in 2020.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in G20, year by year

Annual values for Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP in G20, 1992 to 2030.
Year Value Change
1992 -0.2938
1993 -1.57 +434.8%
1994 -1.75 +11.4%
1995 -2.34 +33.4%
1996 -1.02 -56.5%
2000 -0.5681 -44.0%
2001 0.2813 -149.5%
2002 -1.59 -664.2%
2003 -2.06 +29.7%
2004 -1.28 -38.0%
2005 -0.465 -63.6%
2006 0.35 -175.3%
2007 0.4425 +26.4%
2008 -1.08 -344.2%
2009 -6.05 +460.2%
2010 -4.64 -23.3%
2011 -3.06 -34.2%
2012 -2.53 -17.1%
2013 -1.6 -36.8%
2014 -1.38 -13.6%
2015 -1.67 +20.9%
2016 -1.92 +14.7%
2017 -1.71 -10.7%
2018 -1.67 -2.5%
2019 -2.49 +49.3%
2020 -8.87 +256.2%
2021 -5.52 -37.8%
2022 -2.5 -54.7%
2023 -3.7 +48.1%
2024 -3.7 -0.2%
2025 -3.44 -7.0%
2026 -3.45 +0.4%
2027 -3.38 -2.1%
2028 -3.28 -3.0%
2029 -2.98 -8.9%
2030 -2.85 -4.4%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s -1.39 -2.34 -0.2938 5
2000s -1.2 -6.05 0.4425 10
2010s -2.27 -4.64 -1.38 10
2020s -4.08 -8.87 -2.5 10
2030s -2.85 -2.85 -2.85 1

Countries ranked near G20

  1. 12 El Salvador 3.73 compare
  2. 13 Mauritius 3.61 compare
  3. 14 Bahamas 3.58 compare
  4. 15 South Sudan 3.54 compare
  5. 16 Egypt 3.51 compare
  6. 17 Argentina 3.37 compare
  7. 18 Lao People's Democratic Republic 3.14 compare

See the full ranking of 206 places →

More external debt data for G20

All data for G20 →

Frequently asked questions

What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in G20?
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in G20 was -2.85 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in G20?
The highest recorded value was 0.4425 in 2007.
What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in G20?
The lowest recorded value was -8.87 in 2020.
How does G20 rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
G20 ranks 15th out of 17 groups with data for 2030.
Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in G20?
Over the last ten years it is up 67.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this G20 data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in G20. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 31 August 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/primary-net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp/g20/

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About this data

Indicator
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
206 places, 7,312 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October