Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP in Estonia
Estonia: Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP was 41.21 in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP in Estonia, 1995–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Estonia is 41.21, measured in 2031. That is the highest value across all 37 years on record.
That represents a change of up 5.8% on the previous year and up 123.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Estonia peaked at 41.21 in 2031 and was at its lowest, 3.91, in 2007.
Estonia ranks 19th of 26 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 8.66 | — |
| 1996 | 7.3 | -15.7% |
| 1997 | 6.03 | -17.3% |
| 1998 | 5.4 | -10.5% |
| 1999 | 5.93 | +9.9% |
| 2000 | 5.11 | -13.8% |
| 2001 | 4.93 | -3.5% |
| 2002 | 5.66 | +14.8% |
| 2003 | 5.6 | -1.1% |
| 2004 | 5.16 | -7.9% |
| 2005 | 4.73 | -8.2% |
| 2006 | 4.72 | -0.3% |
| 2007 | 3.91 | -17.1% |
| 2008 | 4.67 | +19.6% |
| 2009 | 7.98 | +70.7% |
| 2010 | 7.99 | +0.2% |
| 2011 | 7.6 | -4.9% |
| 2012 | 11.15 | +46.7% |
| 2013 | 11.43 | +2.6% |
| 2014 | 11.56 | +1.1% |
| 2015 | 10.79 | -6.7% |
| 2016 | 10.24 | -5.1% |
| 2017 | 9.43 | -7.9% |
| 2018 | 8.51 | -9.8% |
| 2019 | 9.05 | +6.3% |
| 2020 | 19.1 | +111.1% |
| 2021 | 18.43 | -3.5% |
| 2022 | 19.19 | +4.1% |
| 2023 | 20.17 | +5.1% |
| 2024 | 23.47 | +16.4% |
| 2025 | 24.19 | +3.1% |
| 2026 | 27.83 | +15.0% |
| 2027 | 31.34 | +12.6% |
| 2028 | 34.25 | +9.3% |
| 2029 | 36.59 | +6.8% |
| 2030 | 38.96 | +6.5% |
| 2031 | 41.21 | +5.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 6.66 | 5.4 | 8.66 | 5 |
| 2000s | 5.25 | 3.91 | 7.98 | 10 |
| 2010s | 9.77 | 7.6 | 11.56 | 10 |
| 2020s | 25.45 | 18.43 | 36.59 | 10 |
| 2030s | 40.09 | 38.96 | 41.21 | 2 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 16 Iran, Islamic Republic of 44.15 compare
- 17 Ghana 42.33 compare
- 18 Saudi Arabia 42.22 compare
- 20 Honduras 34.46 compare
- 21 Nigeria 30.11 compare
- 22 Chinese Taipei 27.56 compare
More external debt data for Estonia
- Net financial flows, IDA 0 NFL, current US$ (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 0 NFL, current US$ per person (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2009)
- Net financial flows, IBRD 0 NFL, current US$ (2016)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre 0 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2009)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$), annual growth rate 100 % change on previous year (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments 27.54 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 18.63 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 4.40 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 20,156 US dollar per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Estonia?
- Gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Estonia was 41.21 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest gross debt, general government, percent of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 41.21 in 2031.
- What is the lowest gross debt, general government, percent of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 3.91 in 2007.
- How does Estonia rank for gross debt, general government, percent of gdp?
- Estonia ranks 19th out of 26 countries with data for 2031.
- Is gross debt, general government, percent of gdp rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 123.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.