Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia

Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -4.55 in 2030. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2030)
-4.55
Change on year
up 3.4%
Rank
17th
of 17 groups
All-time high
0.4463
in 2007
All-time low
-7.78
in 2020
Years of data
40
1991–2030

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia, 1991–2030

-8-6-4-201991201020301991: -1.41992: -1.41993: -0.8861994: -0.941995: -0.2751996: -0.0091997: -0.4911998: -1.51999: -1.92000: -2.12001: -2.32002: -2.62003: -2.12004: -1.22005: -0.6392006: -0.2052007: 0.4462008: -0.1942009: -1.92010: -0.8112011: -0.2782012: -0.422013: -0.6012014: -0.4762015: -1.92016: -2.32017: -2.12018: -2.72019: -4.12020: -7.82021: -4.72022: -5.42023: -4.62024: -5.12025: -5.72026: -5.42027: -5.22028: -52029: -4.72030: -4.6

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia is -4.55, measured in 2030.

That represents a change of up 3.4% on the previous year and up 41.5% over ten years.

Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia peaked at 0.4463 in 2007 and was at its lowest, -7.78, in 2020.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia, year by year

Annual values for Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia, 1991 to 2030.
Year Value Change
1991 -1.44
1992 -1.37 -5.1%
1993 -0.8862 -35.3%
1994 -0.9399 +6.1%
1995 -0.2754 -70.7%
1996 -0.0095 -96.6%
1997 -0.4912 +5092.1%
1998 -1.47 +200.0%
1999 -1.95 +32.1%
2000 -2.12 +8.9%
2001 -2.3 +8.4%
2002 -2.6 +13.1%
2003 -2.1 -19.0%
2004 -1.19 -43.6%
2005 -0.639 -46.1%
2006 -0.2054 -67.9%
2007 0.4463 -317.3%
2008 -0.1935 -143.4%
2009 -1.94 +904.3%
2010 -0.8112 -58.3%
2011 -0.2782 -65.7%
2012 -0.4202 +51.0%
2013 -0.6005 +42.9%
2014 -0.4759 -20.8%
2015 -1.9 +300.1%
2016 -2.33 +22.4%
2017 -2.09 -10.1%
2018 -2.66 +27.2%
2019 -4.11 +54.2%
2020 -7.78 +89.5%
2021 -4.7 -39.6%
2022 -5.41 +15.1%
2023 -4.65 -14.1%
2024 -5.1 +9.7%
2025 -5.65 +10.9%
2026 -5.44 -3.9%
2027 -5.2 -4.3%
2028 -4.96 -4.6%
2029 -4.71 -5.0%
2030 -4.55 -3.4%

Biggest year-on-year movements

Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.

YearChange FromTo
1997 -5092.1% -0.0095 -0.4912
2009 -904.3% -0.1935 -1.94
2007 +317.3% -0.2054 0.4463
2015 -300.1% -0.4759 -1.9

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s -0.9816 -1.95 -0.0095 9
2000s -1.28 -2.6 0.4463 10
2010s -1.57 -4.11 -0.2782 10
2020s -5.36 -7.78 -4.65 10
2030s -4.55 -4.55 -4.55 1

Countries ranked near Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia

  1. 14 Bahamas 3.58 compare
  2. 15 South Sudan 3.54 compare
  3. 16 Egypt 3.51 compare
  4. 17 Argentina 3.37 compare
  5. 18 Lao People's Democratic Republic 3.14 compare
  6. 19 Lesotho 3.1 compare
  7. 20 Trinidad and Tobago 2.96 compare

See the full ranking of 206 places →

More external debt data for Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia

All data for Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia →

Frequently asked questions

What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia?
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia was -4.55 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia?
The highest recorded value was 0.4463 in 2007.
What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia?
The lowest recorded value was -7.78 in 2020.
How does Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia ranks 17th out of 17 groups with data for 2030.
Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia?
Over the last ten years it is up 41.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Asia. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 14 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/primary-net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp/emerging-market-and-middle-income-asia/

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About this data

Indicator
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
206 places, 7,312 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October