Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies

Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -2.74 in 2030. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2030)
-2.74
Change on year
up 4.4%
Rank
14th
of 17 groups
All-time high
2.85
in 2006
All-time low
-6.83
in 2020
Years of data
37
1994–2030

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies, 1994–2030

-6-4-2021994201220301994: -0.9491995: 0.2981996: 0.6791997: 0.3791998: -1.21999: -0.4282000: 1.32001: 0.4282002: -0.3362003: 0.3612004: 1.42005: 2.82006: 2.82007: 2.52008: 2.32009: -2.12010: -0.5422011: 0.7652012: 0.6222013: -0.062014: -0.7772015: -2.32016: -2.72017: -22018: -1.72019: -2.62020: -6.82021: -3.22022: -32023: -3.22024: -3.52025: -3.82026: -3.62027: -3.32028: -3.12029: -2.92030: -2.7

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies recorded -2.74 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2030.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 4.4% on the previous year and up 59.9% over ten years.

Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies peaked at 2.85 in 2006 and was at its lowest, -6.83, in 2020.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies, year by year

Annual values for Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies, 1994 to 2030.
Year Value Change
1994 -0.9493
1995 0.2979 -131.4%
1996 0.6793 +128.0%
1997 0.3788 -44.2%
1998 -1.18 -411.1%
1999 -0.4277 -63.7%
2000 1.28 -398.7%
2001 0.428 -66.5%
2002 -0.3364 -178.6%
2003 0.3606 -207.2%
2004 1.42 +292.4%
2005 2.78 +96.6%
2006 2.85 +2.3%
2007 2.49 -12.4%
2008 2.28 -8.5%
2009 -2.12 -193.0%
2010 -0.5421 -74.4%
2011 0.7651 -241.1%
2012 0.6216 -18.8%
2013 -0.0604 -109.7%
2014 -0.7766 +1185.5%
2015 -2.34 +201.5%
2016 -2.73 +16.7%
2017 -2 -26.7%
2018 -1.66 -17.1%
2019 -2.6 +56.3%
2020 -6.83 +163.1%
2021 -3.22 -52.8%
2022 -3.05 -5.5%
2023 -3.22 +5.9%
2024 -3.55 +10.1%
2025 -3.84 +8.3%
2026 -3.55 -7.5%
2027 -3.29 -7.4%
2028 -3.07 -6.7%
2029 -2.86 -6.6%
2030 -2.74 -4.4%

Biggest year-on-year movements

Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.

YearChange FromTo
2014 -1185.5% -0.0604 -0.7766

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s -0.1999 -1.18 0.6793 6
2000s 1.14 -2.12 2.85 10
2010s -1.13 -2.73 0.7651 10
2020s -3.65 -6.83 -2.86 10
2030s -2.74 -2.74 -2.74 1

Countries ranked near Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies

  1. 11 Qatar 3.87 compare
  2. 12 El Salvador 3.73 compare
  3. 13 Mauritius 3.61 compare
  4. 14 Bahamas 3.58 compare
  5. 15 South Sudan 3.54 compare
  6. 16 Egypt 3.51 compare
  7. 17 Argentina 3.37 compare

See the full ranking of 206 places →

More external debt data for Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies

All data for Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies →

Frequently asked questions

What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies?
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies was -2.74 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies?
The highest recorded value was 2.85 in 2006.
What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies?
The lowest recorded value was -6.83 in 2020.
How does Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies ranks 14th out of 17 groups with data for 2030.
Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies?
Over the last ten years it is up 59.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 16 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/primary-net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp/emerging-market-and-middle-income-economies/

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About this data

Indicator
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
206 places, 7,312 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October