Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Japan
Japan: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -2.48 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2030)
-2.48
Change on year
down 20.5%
World rank
159th
of 188 countries
All-time high
2.7
in 1991
All-time low
-8.73
in 1998
Years of data
40
1991–2030
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Japan, 1991–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan stood at -2.48.
The figure is down 20.5% on the previous year and up 70.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan peaked at 2.7 in 1991 and was at its lowest, -8.73, in 1998.
That places Japan 159th out of 188 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Japan, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2.7 | — |
| 1992 | 1.67 | -37.9% |
| 1993 | -1.25 | -174.5% |
| 1994 | -2.67 | +114.0% |
| 1995 | -3.13 | +17.2% |
| 1996 | -3.67 | +17.5% |
| 1997 | -2.33 | -36.5% |
| 1998 | -8.73 | +274.6% |
| 1999 | -5.42 | -37.9% |
| 2000 | -5.95 | +9.8% |
| 2001 | -4.9 | -17.7% |
| 2002 | -6.04 | +23.2% |
| 2003 | -6.18 | +2.4% |
| 2004 | -4.21 | -31.8% |
| 2005 | -3.61 | -14.3% |
| 2006 | -2.39 | -33.8% |
| 2007 | -2.19 | -8.2% |
| 2008 | -3.26 | +48.8% |
| 2009 | -8.68 | +165.9% |
| 2010 | -8 | -7.8% |
| 2011 | -7.78 | -2.7% |
| 2012 | -6.97 | -10.4% |
| 2013 | -6.48 | -7.1% |
| 2014 | -4.51 | -30.5% |
| 2015 | -2.63 | -41.6% |
| 2016 | -2.53 | -3.8% |
| 2017 | -2.16 | -14.5% |
| 2018 | -1.68 | -22.4% |
| 2019 | -2.36 | +40.9% |
| 2020 | -8.44 | +256.8% |
| 2021 | -5.54 | -34.3% |
| 2022 | -3.81 | -31.3% |
| 2023 | -2.05 | -46.3% |
| 2024 | -1.15 | -44.0% |
| 2025 | -0.861 | -24.9% |
| 2026 | -1.4 | +63.1% |
| 2027 | -1.55 | +10.4% |
| 2028 | -1.75 | +12.7% |
| 2029 | -2.06 | +17.9% |
| 2030 | -2.48 | +20.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -2.54 | -8.73 | 2.7 | 9 |
| 2000s | -4.74 | -8.68 | -2.19 | 10 |
| 2010s | -4.51 | -8 | -1.68 | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.86 | -8.44 | -0.861 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.48 | -2.48 | -2.48 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Japan
More external debt data for Japan
- Other investment, Debt instruments 2.12 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 3.7 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 1.10 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 17,154 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.4772 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 2.04 trillion (2025)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -4.4 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 2.2 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 8,935 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.2485 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan was -2.48 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Japan?
- The highest recorded value was 2.7 in 1991.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Japan?
- The lowest recorded value was -8.73 in 1998.
- How does Japan rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Japan ranks 159th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Japan?
- Over the last ten years it is up 70.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Japan data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October