Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Germany
Germany: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -2.44 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2030)
-2.44
Change on year
up 7.2%
World rank
158th
of 188 countries
All-time high
2.61
in 2018
All-time low
-6.35
in 1995
Years of data
39
1992–2030
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Germany, 1992–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Germany stood at -2.44.
That represents a change of up 7.2% on the previous year and up 37.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Germany peaked at 2.61 in 2018 and was at its lowest, -6.35, in 1995.
That places Germany 158th out of 188 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Germany, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | -0.0209 | — |
| 1993 | -0.4028 | +1824.0% |
| 1994 | 0.3372 | -183.7% |
| 1995 | -6.35 | -1982.7% |
| 1996 | -0.5849 | -90.8% |
| 1997 | -0.0005 | -99.9% |
| 1998 | 0.3855 | -75924.9% |
| 1999 | 0.9254 | +140.1% |
| 2000 | 1.06 | +14.6% |
| 2001 | -0.5237 | -149.4% |
| 2002 | -1.46 | +178.2% |
| 2003 | -1.21 | -16.9% |
| 2004 | -0.9001 | -25.7% |
| 2005 | -0.9287 | +3.2% |
| 2006 | 0.6275 | -167.6% |
| 2007 | 2.55 | +307.0% |
| 2008 | 2.07 | -19.0% |
| 2009 | -0.831 | -140.2% |
| 2010 | -2.29 | +175.5% |
| 2011 | 1.16 | -150.5% |
| 2012 | 1.78 | +54.1% |
| 2013 | 1.55 | -12.7% |
| 2014 | 1.96 | +26.1% |
| 2015 | 2 | +1.8% |
| 2016 | 2.07 | +3.5% |
| 2017 | 2.17 | +5.0% |
| 2018 | 2.61 | +20.1% |
| 2019 | 1.92 | -26.4% |
| 2020 | -3.92 | -304.2% |
| 2021 | -2.7 | -31.0% |
| 2022 | -1.35 | -50.1% |
| 2023 | -1.85 | +37.2% |
| 2024 | -1.8 | -2.6% |
| 2025 | -1.61 | -10.7% |
| 2026 | -2.4 | +49.5% |
| 2027 | -2.93 | +21.7% |
| 2028 | -2.79 | -4.8% |
| 2029 | -2.63 | -5.6% |
| 2030 | -2.44 | -7.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -0.7137 | -6.35 | 0.9254 | 8 |
| 2000s | 0.046 | -1.46 | 2.55 | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.49 | -2.29 | 2.61 | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.4 | -3.92 | -1.35 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.44 | -2.44 | -2.44 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Germany
More external debt data for Germany
- Other investment, Debt instruments 4.92 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 22.67 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 2.24 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 58,954 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.9745 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 894.45 billion (2023)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -4.05 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 23.02 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 26,810 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.4432 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Germany?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Germany was -2.44 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 2.61 in 2018.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was -6.35 in 1995.
- How does Germany rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Germany ranks 158th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Germany?
- Over the last ten years it is up 37.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October