Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Estonia
Estonia: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -2.29 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2030)
-2.29
Change on year
down 0.3%
World rank
155th
of 188 countries
All-time high
3.36
in 1997
All-time low
-5.39
in 2020
Years of data
35
1996–2030
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Estonia, 1996–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia stood at -2.29.
The figure is down 0.3% on the previous year and up 57.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia peaked at 3.36 in 1997 and was at its lowest, -5.39, in 2020.
Estonia ranks 155th of 188 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 | -0.5255 | — |
| 1997 | 3.36 | -739.6% |
| 1998 | 1.04 | -68.9% |
| 1999 | -3.08 | -395.1% |
| 2000 | -0.0377 | -98.8% |
| 2001 | 0.4048 | -1172.9% |
| 2002 | 0.2909 | -28.1% |
| 2003 | 1.38 | +373.1% |
| 2004 | 2.09 | +52.1% |
| 2005 | 0.8597 | -58.9% |
| 2006 | 2.45 | +184.9% |
| 2007 | 2.15 | -12.3% |
| 2008 | -3.35 | -255.7% |
| 2009 | -3.65 | +9.1% |
| 2010 | -1.23 | -66.3% |
| 2011 | -0.0517 | -95.8% |
| 2012 | -0.9206 | +1682.2% |
| 2013 | -0.7129 | -22.6% |
| 2014 | 0.3853 | -154.1% |
| 2015 | -0.2867 | -174.4% |
| 2016 | -0.676 | +135.8% |
| 2017 | -1.09 | +60.7% |
| 2018 | -1.16 | +7.0% |
| 2019 | -0.1182 | -89.8% |
| 2020 | -5.39 | +4464.7% |
| 2021 | -2.55 | -52.7% |
| 2022 | -1.02 | -60.2% |
| 2023 | -2.96 | +190.8% |
| 2024 | -1.23 | -58.3% |
| 2025 | -1.3 | +5.8% |
| 2026 | -3.77 | +188.9% |
| 2027 | -3.41 | -9.5% |
| 2028 | -2.43 | -28.7% |
| 2029 | -2.28 | -6.2% |
| 2030 | -2.29 | +0.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.1999 | -3.08 | 3.36 | 4 |
| 2000s | 0.2586 | -3.65 | 2.45 | 10 |
| 2010s | -0.5861 | -1.23 | 0.3853 | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.63 | -5.39 | -1.02 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.29 | -2.29 | -2.29 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More external debt data for Estonia
- Net financial flows, IDA 0 NFL, current US$ (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 0 NFL, current US$ per person (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2009)
- Net financial flows, IBRD 0 NFL, current US$ (2016)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre 0 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2009)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$), annual growth rate 100 % change on previous year (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments 27.54 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 18.63 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 4.40 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 20,156 US dollar per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia was -2.29 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 3.36 in 1997.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -5.39 in 2020.
- How does Estonia rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Estonia ranks 155th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 57.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October