Estonia vs Germany: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government
Estonia
-2.29
in 2030
Germany
-2.44
in 2030
Estonia rank
155th
Germany rank
158th
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government over time
- Estonia
- Germany
How they compare
Estonia currently reports -2.29 against -2.44 in Germany, a difference of 0.15.
The two have swapped places 10 times across 35 shared years of data; in 1996 it was Estonia ahead.
Estonia ranks 155th and Germany ranks 158th of 188 countries.
Across the 5 decades both report, Estonia averaged higher in 3 and Germany in 2.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Estonia | Germany | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.1999 | 0.1814 | 0.0185 | Estonia |
| 2000s | 0.2586 | 0.046 | 0.2126 | Estonia |
| 2010s | -0.5861 | 1.49 | 2.08 | Germany |
| 2020s | -2.63 | -2.4 | 0.2373 | Germany |
| 2030s | -2.29 | -2.44 | 0.1511 | Estonia |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, Estonia or Germany?
- Estonia, at -2.29 against -2.44 in Germany as of 2030.
- What is the difference in primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government between Estonia and Germany?
- 0.15, with Estonia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Estonia and Germany?
- 35 years are reported by both, from 1996 to 2030.
- How do Estonia and Germany rank globally for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Estonia ranks 155th and Germany ranks 158th of 188 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- International Monetary Fund, published as Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October