Ethiopia vs Kazakhstan: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government

Ethiopia
-0.191
in 2030
Kazakhstan
-0.1779
in 2030
Ethiopia rank
89th
Kazakhstan rank
88th

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government over time

  • Ethiopia
  • Kazakhstan
-10-505199120102030

How they compare

Kazakhstan currently reports -0.1779 against -0.191 in Ethiopia, a difference of 0.0131.

The two have swapped places 8 times across 28 shared years of data; in 2003 it was Kazakhstan ahead.

Ethiopia ranks 89th and Kazakhstan ranks 88th of 188 countries.

Across the 4 decades both report, Ethiopia averaged higher in 1 and Kazakhstan in 3.

Head to head by decade

Decade Ethiopia Kazakhstan Difference Ahead
2000s -2.48 3.36 5.84 Kazakhstan
2010s -1.75 0.3365 2.09 Kazakhstan
2020s -1.39 -1.88 0.4911 Ethiopia
2030s -0.191 -0.1779 0.013 Kazakhstan

Averages of every year both report within each decade.

Frequently asked questions

Which has higher primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, Ethiopia or Kazakhstan?
Kazakhstan, at -0.1779 against -0.191 in Ethiopia as of 2030.
What is the difference in primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government between Ethiopia and Kazakhstan?
0.0131, with Kazakhstan ahead.
How many years of comparable data are there for Ethiopia and Kazakhstan?
28 years are reported by both, from 2003 to 2030.
How do Ethiopia and Kazakhstan rank globally for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
Ethiopia ranks 89th and Kazakhstan ranks 88th of 188 countries.
Where does this data come from?
International Monetary Fund, published as Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.

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Ethiopia vs Kazakhstan: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 11 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/compare/primary-net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp/ethiopia/kazakhstan/

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About this data

Indicator
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
206 places, 7,312 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October