Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP was -2.24 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in United Kingdom, 1991–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in United Kingdom stood at -2.24.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 11.4% on the previous year and up 83.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in United Kingdom peaked at 1.4 in 2000 and was at its lowest, -13.17, in 2020.
That places United Kingdom 101st out of 195 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | -2.77 | — |
| 1992 | -5.41 | +95.5% |
| 1993 | -6.62 | +22.5% |
| 1994 | -5.74 | -13.3% |
| 1995 | -4.99 | -13.1% |
| 1996 | -3.65 | -26.9% |
| 1997 | -2.01 | -44.9% |
| 1998 | -0.2128 | -89.4% |
| 1999 | 0.7598 | -457.0% |
| 2000 | 1.4 | +83.6% |
| 2001 | 0.3357 | -75.9% |
| 2002 | -1.96 | -683.1% |
| 2003 | -3.22 | +64.3% |
| 2004 | -3.16 | -1.6% |
| 2005 | -3.15 | -0.4% |
| 2006 | -2.76 | -12.4% |
| 2007 | -2.65 | -3.8% |
| 2008 | -5.09 | +91.7% |
| 2009 | -10.06 | +97.7% |
| 2010 | -9.22 | -8.3% |
| 2011 | -7.38 | -20.0% |
| 2012 | -7.45 | +1.0% |
| 2013 | -5.34 | -28.3% |
| 2014 | -5.53 | +3.5% |
| 2015 | -4.59 | -16.9% |
| 2016 | -3.31 | -27.9% |
| 2017 | -2.49 | -24.8% |
| 2018 | -2.27 | -8.9% |
| 2019 | -2.47 | +8.9% |
| 2020 | -13.17 | +432.8% |
| 2021 | -7.72 | -41.4% |
| 2022 | -4.56 | -41.0% |
| 2023 | -6.05 | +32.9% |
| 2024 | -5.75 | -5.0% |
| 2025 | -4.34 | -24.6% |
| 2026 | -3.61 | -16.8% |
| 2027 | -2.98 | -17.5% |
| 2028 | -2.74 | -7.9% |
| 2029 | -2.52 | -8.0% |
| 2030 | -2.24 | -11.4% |
United Kingdom compared with similar countries
- United Kingdom's -2.24 is below the median for high income countries, which is -1.53, 1.5× the median. (66 countries reporting)
- United Kingdom's -2.24 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -2.47, 91% of the median. (50 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in United Kingdom changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | -683.1% | 0.3357 | -1.96 |
| 1999 | +457.0% | -0.2128 | 0.7598 |
| 2020 | -432.8% | -2.47 | -13.17 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -3.4 | -6.62 | 0.7598 | 9 |
| 2000s | -3.03 | -10.06 | 1.4 | 10 |
| 2010s | -5.01 | -9.22 | -2.27 | 10 |
| 2020s | -5.34 | -13.17 | -2.52 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.24 | -2.24 | -2.24 | 1 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
- 98 Uruguay -2.15 compare
- 99 Colombia -2.17 compare
- 100 Saint Lucia -2.18 compare
- 102 Luxembourg -2.31 compare
- 103 Uzbekistan -2.33 compare
- 104 Rwanda -2.35 compare
More external debt data for United Kingdom
- Other investment, Debt instruments 7.66 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 13.08 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 1.46 trillion US dollar (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 110,234 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 1.91 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 6.59 % change on previous year (1998)
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government 0.6703 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 24,920 US dollar per person (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.8776 US dollar per US$ of GDP (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Other sectors 366.21 billion US dollar (1998)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in United Kingdom?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in United Kingdom was -2.24 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 1.4 in 2000.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was -13.17 in 2020.
- How does United Kingdom rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of?
- United Kingdom ranks 101st out of 195 countries with data for 2030.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 83.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October