Statizoid

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP by country

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October

Countries reporting
195
Highest
24.68
Kuwait
Lowest
-51.85
Timor-Leste
Median
-2.15
Years covered
40
1991–2030
Data points
7,616

What the numbers show

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP is currently reported for 195 countries. The highest value is 24.68 in Kuwait; the lowest is -51.85 in Timor-Leste.

The median across all reporting countries is -2.15, and the mean is -2.35.

Over the past decade 164 countries rose and 31 fell. The largest increase was in Kuwait (up 17,346.9%), and the largest decrease in Somalia (down 795.1%).

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Kuwait 24.68 2030 up 17,346.9% volatile
2 Naoero 15.32 2030 down 64.2% volatile
3 Norway 8.77 2030 up 442.5% volatile
4 Macau, China 8.27 2030 up 138.6% volatile
5 Suriname 6.06 2030 up 150.7% volatile
6 Congo 5.17 2030 up 568.2% volatile
7 United Arab Emirates 4.53 2030 up 287.4% volatile
8 Oman 4.27 2030 up 127.2% volatile
9 Sao Tome and Principe 3.63 2030 up 23.6% volatile
10 Qatar 2.81 2030 up 231.8% volatile
11 South Sudan 2.76 2030 up 150.2% volatile
12 Eritrea 2.72 2019 up 112.3% volatile
13 Andorra 2.35 2030 up 320.7% volatile
14 Nicaragua 1.96 2030 up 176.2% volatile
15 Singapore 1.94 2030 up 128.9% volatile
16 Mauritius 1.58 2030 up 114.9% volatile
17 Cyprus 1.38 2030 up 124.8% volatile
18 Ecuador 1.27 2030 up 117.3% volatile
19 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.13 2030 up 119.0% volatile
20 Aruba 1.04 2030 up 106.2% volatile
21 Belarus 1.03 2030 up 135.8% volatile
22 Palau 0.9771 2030 up 107.5% volatile
23 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.9113 2030 up 117.0% volatile
24 Lesotho 0.8314 2030 down 29.7% volatile
25 Ireland 0.8206 2030 up 116.9% volatile
26 Argentina 0.7854 2030 up 109.1% volatile
27 Hong Kong, China 0.536 2030 up 105.8% volatile
28 Barbados 0.5244 2030 up 112.6% volatile
29 Taiwan, China 0.4666 2030 up 116.0% volatile
30 Papua New Guinea 0.398 2030 up 104.5% volatile
31 Grenada 0.2075 2030 up 104.6% volatile
32 Djibouti 0.1191 2030 up 104.6% volatile
33 Switzerland 0.0626 2030 up 102.1% volatile
34 Bahamas 0.0277 2030 up 100.3% volatile
35 Marshall Islands 0.0223 2030 down 99.1% volatile
36 Sweden -0.0034 2030 up 99.9% volatile
37 New Zealand -0.0081 2030 up 99.8% volatile
38 Iceland -0.0418 2030 up 99.5% volatile
39 Cape Verde -0.0845 2030 up 99.1% volatile
40 Zimbabwe -0.0911 2030 up 73.0% volatile
41 Puerto Rico -0.1533 2030 up 72.2% volatile
42 Seychelles -0.2763 2030 up 98.2% volatile
43 Micronesia, Federated States of -0.2792 2030 down 104.3% volatile
44 Mozambique -0.3265 2030 up 94.7% volatile
45 Dominica -0.3619 2030 up 95.4% volatile
46 San Marino -0.3698 2030 up 99.0% volatile
47 Gambia -0.4898 2030 up 79.3% volatile
48 Antigua and Barbuda -0.5277 2030 up 91.5% volatile
49 Afghanistan -0.5401 2024 up 68.6% volatile
50 Denmark -0.5452 2030 down 250.4% volatile
51 Chad -0.6626 2030 down 153.6% volatile
52 Guyana -0.677 2030 up 91.3% volatile
53 Jamaica -0.7226 2030 up 74.5% volatile
54 Lebanon -0.8368 2030 up 88.6% volatile
55 Chile -0.8926 2030 up 87.4% volatile
56 Portugal -0.9105 2030 up 84.2% volatile
57 Sierra Leone -0.9256 2030 up 73.5% volatile
58 Kazakhstan -0.9512 2030 up 86.5% volatile
59 Comoros -1 2030 down 94.3% volatile
60 Trinidad and Tobago -1.02 2030 up 91.6% volatile
61 Republic of Korea -1.04 2030 up 50.8% volatile
62 Libya -1.14 2030 up 94.9% volatile
63 Zambia -1.15 2030 up 91.7% volatile
64 Peru -1.15 2030 up 85.9% volatile
65 Turkmenistan -1.18 2030 down 649.5% volatile
66 Cameroon -1.23 2030 up 61.4% volatile
67 Honduras -1.24 2030 up 73.0% volatile
68 Central African Republic -1.25 2030 up 61.3% volatile
69 Paraguay -1.29 2030 up 77.5% volatile
70 Eswatini -1.29 2030 up 69.8% volatile
71 Azerbaijan -1.33 2030 up 79.4% volatile
72 Liberia -1.35 2030 up 66.4% volatile
73 Greece -1.38 2030 up 86.6% volatile
74 Congo, Democratic Republic of the -1.39 2030 up 56.2% volatile
75 Canada -1.46 2030 up 86.7% volatile
76 Panama -1.5 2030 up 85.3% volatile
77 Mauritania -1.51 2030 down 154.4% volatile
78 Belize -1.55 2030 up 81.9% volatile
79 Ethiopia -1.55 2030 up 43.9% volatile
80 Australia -1.55 2030 up 82.2% volatile
81 El Salvador -1.6 2030 up 80.4% falling
82 Albania -1.75 2030 up 73.8% volatile
83 Haiti -1.78 2030 up 8.7% volatile
84 Philippines -1.79 2030 up 67.8% volatile
85 Serbia -1.81 2030 up 73.9% volatile
86 Dominican Republic -1.96 2030 up 75.3% volatile
87 Somalia -1.99 2030 down 795.1% volatile
88 Ukraine -2.01 2030 up 66.0% volatile
89 Kosovo -2.01 2030 up 74.2% volatile
90 Spain -2.02 2030 up 79.9% volatile
91 Viet Nam -2.03 2030 up 28.9% volatile
92 Yemen -2.07 2030 up 52.0% volatile
93 Russian Federation -2.09 2030 up 47.7% volatile
94 Guinea -2.1 2030 up 31.9% volatile
95 Samoa -2.11 2030 down 139.0% volatile
96 Georgia -2.11 2030 up 76.9% volatile
97 Costa Rica -2.12 2030 up 74.7% falling
98 Uruguay -2.15 2030 up 53.7% falling
99 Colombia -2.17 2030 up 69.5% volatile
100 Saint Lucia -2.18 2030 up 81.9% volatile
101 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland -2.24 2030 up 83.0% volatile
102 Luxembourg -2.31 2030 up 25.2% volatile
103 Uzbekistan -2.33 2030 up 21.0% volatile
104 Rwanda -2.35 2030 up 75.4% volatile
105 Angola -2.39 2030 down 44.1% volatile
106 Thailand -2.4 2030 up 46.4% volatile
107 Italy -2.46 2030 up 73.8% volatile
108 Croatia -2.48 2030 up 65.7% volatile
109 Tajikistan -2.5 2030 up 42.4% volatile
110 Ghana -2.51 2030 up 85.6% volatile
111 North Macedonia -2.53 2030 up 68.6% volatile
112 Bosnia and Herzegovina -2.55 2030 up 43.3% volatile
113 Malta -2.61 2030 up 70.0% volatile
114 Mongolia -2.62 2030 up 71.6% volatile
115 Netherlands -2.64 2030 up 28.9% volatile
116 Armenia -2.66 2030 up 50.8% falling
117 Kyrgyzstan -2.69 2030 up 12.2% volatile
118 Indonesia -2.69 2030 up 55.7% volatile
119 Sudan -2.78 2030 up 53.9% volatile
120 Estonia -2.79 2030 up 48.7% volatile
121 Solomon Islands -2.8 2030 down 14.9% volatile
122 Pakistan -2.83 2030 up 59.8% falling
123 Slovenia -2.84 2030 up 63.1% volatile
124 Guatemala -2.84 2030 up 42.1% falling
125 Benin -2.9 2030 up 38.1% volatile
126 Morocco -2.97 2030 up 58.5% volatile
127 Guinea-Bissau -2.97 2030 up 69.2% volatile
128 Senegal -2.99 2030 up 69.0% volatile
129 Burkina Faso -3 2030 up 41.9% volatile
129 Mexico -3 2030 up 30.1% volatile
129 Mali -3 2030 up 44.6% volatile
132 Côte d'Ivoire -3 2030 up 44.6% volatile
133 Tanzania, United Republic of -3.01 2030 down 17.7% volatile
134 Niger -3.02 2030 up 37.4% volatile
135 Togo -3.02 2030 up 57.1% volatile
136 Bulgaria -3.14 2030 down 7.6% volatile
137 Cambodia -3.2 2030 down 26.4% volatile
138 Nepal -3.22 2030 up 56.9% volatile
139 Nigeria -3.25 2030 up 19.4% volatile
140 Iran, Islamic Republic of -3.36 2030 up 30.9% volatile
141 Saudi Arabia -3.37 2030 up 67.1% volatile
142 Finland -3.39 2030 up 38.7% volatile
143 Türkiye -3.44 2030 up 25.8% volatile
144 Sri Lanka -3.46 2030 up 74.1% rising
145 Republic of Moldova -3.48 2030 up 34.5% volatile
146 Egypt -3.51 2030 up 53.0% falling
147 Madagascar -3.56 2030 up 10.1% rising
148 Austria -3.59 2030 up 56.3% volatile
149 Namibia -3.61 2030 up 55.3% volatile
150 Malaysia -3.62 2030 up 26.2% volatile
151 Equatorial Guinea -3.64 2030 down 105.6% volatile
152 Vanuatu -3.71 2030 down 90.6% volatile
153 Jordan -3.8 2030 up 62.4% volatile
154 Czechia -3.81 2030 up 32.5% volatile
155 Bhutan -3.84 2030 down 112.7% volatile
156 Lithuania -3.86 2030 up 39.8% volatile
157 Germany -4.05 2030 up 7.5% volatile
158 Montenegro -4.3 2030 up 60.9% volatile
159 Latvia -4.32 2030 down 12.2% volatile
160 Hungary -4.32 2030 up 42.2% rising
161 Fiji -4.33 2030 up 53.1% volatile
162 Japan -4.4 2030 up 51.6% volatile
163 Israel -4.49 2030 up 58.0% volatile
164 Brazil -4.62 2030 up 60.3% falling
165 Myanmar -4.64 2030 up 28.7% falling
166 South Africa -4.68 2030 up 51.4% volatile
167 Kenya -4.75 2030 up 41.6% volatile
168 Burundi -4.99 2030 up 24.2% volatile
169 Poland -5.02 2030 up 26.8% falling
170 Romania -5.04 2030 up 47.2% volatile
171 Bangladesh -5.13 2030 down 6.0% volatile
172 Uganda -5.38 2030 up 30.7% volatile
173 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of -5.5 2030 up 17.0% volatile
174 Slovakia -5.79 2030 down 9.3% volatile
175 Iraq -5.91 2030 up 53.9% volatile
176 Tuvalu -6.03 2030 down 144.1% volatile
177 France -6.34 2030 up 29.0% falling
178 Belgium -6.4 2030 up 29.1% volatile
179 India -6.63 2030 up 48.4% rising
180 Botswana -6.75 2030 up 41.1% volatile
181 Saint Kitts and Nevis -7.21 2030 down 135.8% volatile
182 United States of America -7.59 2030 up 46.2% falling
183 Tunisia -7.77 2030 up 14.2% falling
184 Syrian Arab Republic -7.79 2010 down 472.6% volatile
185 China -7.99 2030 up 16.5% volatile
186 Algeria -9.22 2030 up 12.3% volatile
187 Maldives -9.25 2030 up 61.0% volatile
188 Brunei Darussalam -9.35 2030 up 40.7% volatile
189 Bahrain -9.66 2030 up 44.2% volatile
190 Gabon -10.09 2030 down 360.7% volatile
191 Malawi -11.65 2030 down 45.1% volatile
192 Tonga -12.89 2030 down 345.6% volatile
193 Kiribati -15.45 2030 down 532.4% volatile
194 Bolivia, Plurinational State of -18.85 2030 down 48.2% volatile
195 Timor-Leste -51.85 2030 down 174.3% volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of by country. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 24 August 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp/

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About this data

Indicator
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
213 places, 7,616 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October