Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in Estonia
Estonia: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP was -2.79 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Estonia, 1996–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Estonia is -2.79, measured in 2030.
That represents a change of down 0.2% on the previous year and up 48.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Estonia peaked at 2.98 in 1997 and was at its lowest, -5.42, in 2020.
Estonia ranks 120th of 195 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1996 | -0.9308 | — |
| 1997 | 2.98 | -420.1% |
| 1998 | 0.6478 | -78.3% |
| 1999 | -3.42 | -627.9% |
| 2000 | -0.1123 | -96.7% |
| 2001 | 0.3991 | -455.5% |
| 2002 | 0.2934 | -26.5% |
| 2003 | 1.67 | +467.5% |
| 2004 | 2.29 | +37.3% |
| 2005 | 1.07 | -53.4% |
| 2006 | 2.71 | +154.1% |
| 2007 | 2.5 | -7.5% |
| 2008 | -2.92 | -216.7% |
| 2009 | -3.43 | +17.3% |
| 2010 | -1.09 | -68.3% |
| 2011 | 0.0857 | -107.9% |
| 2012 | -0.8559 | -1098.5% |
| 2013 | -0.6643 | -22.4% |
| 2014 | 0.4153 | -162.5% |
| 2015 | -0.2424 | -158.4% |
| 2016 | -0.6183 | +155.1% |
| 2017 | -1.07 | +72.4% |
| 2018 | -1.15 | +7.6% |
| 2019 | -0.1094 | -90.5% |
| 2020 | -5.42 | +4858.0% |
| 2021 | -2.57 | -52.6% |
| 2022 | -1.08 | -58.0% |
| 2023 | -3.13 | +189.7% |
| 2024 | -1.51 | -51.7% |
| 2025 | -1.5 | -0.7% |
| 2026 | -4.02 | +168.6% |
| 2027 | -3.79 | -5.8% |
| 2028 | -2.92 | -22.9% |
| 2029 | -2.78 | -4.8% |
| 2030 | -2.79 | +0.2% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -2.79 is below the median for high income countries, which is -1.53, 1.8× the median. (66 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -2.79 is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -2.47, 1.1× the median. (50 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | -4858.0% | -0.1094 | -5.42 |
| 2012 | -1098.5% | 0.0857 | -0.8559 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -0.1809 | -3.42 | 2.98 | 4 |
| 2000s | 0.4456 | -3.43 | 2.71 | 10 |
| 2010s | -0.529 | -1.15 | 0.4153 | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.87 | -5.42 | -1.08 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.79 | -2.79 | -2.79 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More external debt data for Estonia
- Net financial flows, IBRD 0 NFL, current US$ (2025)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 0 NFL, current US$ per person (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre 0 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2009)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$), annual growth rate 100 % change on previous year (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments 27.54 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 18.63 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 4.40 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 20,156 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.5856 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Estonia?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Estonia was -2.79 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 2.98 in 1997.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -5.42 in 2020.
- How does Estonia rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of?
- Estonia ranks 120th out of 195 countries with data for 2030.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 48.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October