Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in Spain
Spain: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP was -2.02 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Spain, 1991–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain stood at -2.02.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 4.9% on the previous year and up 79.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain peaked at 2.12 in 2006 and was at its lowest, -11.5, in 2012.
Spain ranks 90th of 195 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | -4.58 | — |
| 1992 | -4.26 | -6.9% |
| 1993 | -6.89 | +61.6% |
| 1994 | -6.31 | -8.3% |
| 1995 | -6.79 | +7.6% |
| 1996 | -5.87 | -13.7% |
| 1997 | -3.86 | -34.2% |
| 1998 | -2.63 | -31.9% |
| 1999 | -1.24 | -52.8% |
| 2000 | -1.16 | -6.4% |
| 2001 | -0.4549 | -60.8% |
| 2002 | -0.3166 | -30.4% |
| 2003 | -0.3749 | +18.4% |
| 2004 | -0.0951 | -74.6% |
| 2005 | 1.23 | -1393.8% |
| 2006 | 2.12 | +72.4% |
| 2007 | 1.88 | -11.3% |
| 2008 | -4.56 | -342.2% |
| 2009 | -11.24 | +146.4% |
| 2010 | -9.49 | -15.6% |
| 2011 | -9.69 | +2.2% |
| 2012 | -11.5 | +18.6% |
| 2013 | -7.49 | -34.8% |
| 2014 | -6.07 | -18.9% |
| 2015 | -5.26 | -13.3% |
| 2016 | -4.26 | -19.0% |
| 2017 | -3.1 | -27.4% |
| 2018 | -2.58 | -16.8% |
| 2019 | -3.04 | +18.0% |
| 2020 | -10.02 | +229.7% |
| 2021 | -6.66 | -33.6% |
| 2022 | -4.63 | -30.4% |
| 2023 | -3.52 | -24.1% |
| 2024 | -3.15 | -10.5% |
| 2025 | -2.72 | -13.5% |
| 2026 | -2.47 | -9.5% |
| 2027 | -2.39 | -2.9% |
| 2028 | -2.26 | -5.6% |
| 2029 | -2.12 | -6.1% |
| 2030 | -2.02 | -4.9% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's -2.02 is below the median for high income countries, which is -1.53, 1.3× the median. (66 countries reporting)
- Spain's -2.02 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -2.47, 82% of the median. (50 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Percent GDP in Spain changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | +1393.8% | -0.0951 | 1.23 |
| 2008 | -342.2% | 1.88 | -4.56 |
| 2020 | -229.7% | -3.04 | -10.02 |
| 2009 | -146.4% | -4.56 | -11.24 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -4.71 | -6.89 | -1.24 | 9 |
| 2000s | -1.3 | -11.24 | 2.12 | 10 |
| 2010s | -6.25 | -11.5 | -2.58 | 10 |
| 2020s | -3.99 | -10.02 | -2.12 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.02 | -2.02 | -2.02 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More external debt data for Spain
- Other investment, Debt instruments 1.18 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 24.9 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 727.36 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 23,915 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.6191 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 130.05 billion (2024)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 27.17 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government 0.6025 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 14,737 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.3815 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain?
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain was -2.02 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 2.12 in 2006.
- What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was -11.5 in 2012.
- How does Spain rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of?
- Spain ranks 90th out of 195 countries with data for 2030.
- Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 79.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October