Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in United Kingdom
United Kingdom: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP was 0.6703 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in United Kingdom, 1991–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United Kingdom stood at 0.6703.
That represents a change of up 47.7% on the previous year and up 105.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United Kingdom peaked at 3.05 in 2000 and was at its lowest, -12.03, in 2020.
United Kingdom ranks 62nd of 188 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in United Kingdom, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | -1.44 | — |
| 1992 | -4.03 | +180.7% |
| 1993 | -5.17 | +28.3% |
| 1994 | -4.03 | -22.1% |
| 1995 | -2.95 | -26.7% |
| 1996 | -1.62 | -45.0% |
| 1997 | 0.1172 | -107.2% |
| 1998 | 1.76 | +1404.9% |
| 1999 | 2.46 | +39.6% |
| 2000 | 3.05 | +24.1% |
| 2001 | 1.82 | -40.4% |
| 2002 | -0.5845 | -132.1% |
| 2003 | -1.81 | +208.9% |
| 2004 | -1.7 | -6.0% |
| 2005 | -1.55 | -8.5% |
| 2006 | -1.15 | -26.1% |
| 2007 | -0.9626 | -16.1% |
| 2008 | -3.54 | +267.3% |
| 2009 | -8.58 | +142.8% |
| 2010 | -6.68 | -22.1% |
| 2011 | -4.58 | -31.5% |
| 2012 | -5.09 | +11.2% |
| 2013 | -3.94 | -22.5% |
| 2014 | -3.69 | -6.3% |
| 2015 | -3.08 | -16.6% |
| 2016 | -1.69 | -45.3% |
| 2017 | -0.6668 | -60.5% |
| 2018 | -0.5817 | -12.8% |
| 2019 | -1.03 | +76.8% |
| 2020 | -12.03 | +1070.2% |
| 2021 | -5.58 | -53.6% |
| 2022 | -0.9124 | -83.6% |
| 2023 | -3.65 | +300.0% |
| 2024 | -3.79 | +3.7% |
| 2025 | -1.82 | -52.1% |
| 2026 | -0.9724 | -46.4% |
| 2027 | -0.2345 | -75.9% |
| 2028 | 0.1276 | -154.4% |
| 2029 | 0.4539 | +255.8% |
| 2030 | 0.6703 | +47.7% |
United Kingdom compared with similar countries
- United Kingdom's 0.6703 is above the median for high income countries, which is -0.7398. (62 countries reporting)
- United Kingdom's 0.6703 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -0.7953. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in United Kingdom changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | +1404.9% | 0.1172 | 1.76 |
| 2020 | -1070.2% | -1.03 | -12.03 |
| 2023 | -300.0% | -0.9124 | -3.65 |
| 2008 | -267.3% | -0.9626 | -3.54 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -1.66 | -5.17 | 2.46 | 9 |
| 2000s | -1.5 | -8.58 | 3.05 | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.1 | -6.68 | -0.5817 | 10 |
| 2020s | -2.84 | -12.03 | 0.4539 | 10 |
| 2030s | 0.6703 | 0.6703 | 0.6703 | 1 |
Countries ranked near United Kingdom
More external debt data for United Kingdom
- Other investment, Debt instruments 7.66 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 13.08 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 1.46 trillion US dollar (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 110,234 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 1.91 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -2.24 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 6.59 % change on previous year (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 24,920 US dollar per person (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.8776 US dollar per US$ of GDP (1998)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Other sectors 366.21 billion US dollar (1998)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United Kingdom?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United Kingdom was 0.6703 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in United Kingdom?
- The highest recorded value was 3.05 in 2000.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in United Kingdom?
- The lowest recorded value was -12.03 in 2020.
- How does United Kingdom rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- United Kingdom ranks 62nd out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in United Kingdom?
- Over the last ten years it is up 105.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this United Kingdom data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October