Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … 9/26/2025 in Ghana
Ghana: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … 9/26/2025 was 1 in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana, 1980–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Ghana recorded 1 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2031.
That represents a change of up 121.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana peaked at 2.13 in 2025 and was at its lowest, -11.17, in 2020.
Ghana ranks 4th of 24 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … 9/26/2025 in Ghana, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | -4.05 | — |
| 1981 | -3.2 | -21.0% |
| 1982 | -1.02 | -68.0% |
| 1983 | -0.6277 | -38.5% |
| 1984 | -0.4472 | -28.8% |
| 1985 | -0.6041 | +35.1% |
| 1986 | -0.4175 | -30.9% |
| 1987 | -0.3818 | -8.6% |
| 1988 | -0.6395 | +67.5% |
| 1989 | -0.3058 | -52.2% |
| 1990 | -1.4 | +357.6% |
| 1991 | -0.818 | -41.6% |
| 1992 | -3.71 | +353.6% |
| 1993 | -3.96 | +6.7% |
| 1994 | -3.2 | -19.2% |
| 1995 | -2.77 | -13.3% |
| 1996 | -3.48 | +25.6% |
| 1997 | -3.6 | +3.4% |
| 1998 | -2.46 | -31.7% |
| 1999 | -3.39 | +37.9% |
| 2000 | -0.9587 | -71.8% |
| 2001 | -1.18 | +22.8% |
| 2002 | -0.8925 | -24.2% |
| 2003 | 0.5185 | -158.1% |
| 2004 | -0.2496 | -148.1% |
| 2005 | -0.3931 | +57.5% |
| 2006 | -1.72 | +337.4% |
| 2007 | -3.62 | +110.8% |
| 2008 | -3.99 | +10.2% |
| 2009 | -3.07 | -23.2% |
| 2010 | -4.91 | +60.1% |
| 2011 | -3.49 | -29.0% |
| 2012 | -5.74 | +64.6% |
| 2013 | -5.58 | -2.8% |
| 2014 | -3.35 | -40.0% |
| 2015 | 0.9376 | -128.0% |
| 2016 | -1.5 | -259.5% |
| 2017 | 1.2 | -180.1% |
| 2018 | -1.35 | -212.8% |
| 2019 | -1.97 | +46.1% |
| 2020 | -11.17 | +465.5% |
| 2021 | -4.77 | -57.3% |
| 2022 | -4.32 | -9.4% |
| 2023 | -0.3186 | -92.6% |
| 2024 | -2.24 | +602.7% |
| 2025 | 2.13 | -195.3% |
| 2026 | 1.48 | -30.6% |
| 2027 | 1.5 | +1.4% |
| 2028 | 1.5 | +0.0% |
| 2029 | 1.5 | +0.0% |
| 2030 | 1 | -33.3% |
| 2031 | 1 | +0.0% |
Ghana compared with similar countries
- Ghana's 1 is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 0.0596, 16.8× the median. (5 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … 9/26/2025 in Ghana changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -602.7% | -0.3186 | -2.24 |
| 2020 | -465.5% | -1.97 | -11.17 |
| 1990 | -357.6% | -0.3058 | -1.4 |
| 1992 | -353.6% | -0.818 | -3.71 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -1.17 | -4.05 | -0.3058 | 10 |
| 1990s | -2.88 | -3.96 | -0.818 | 10 |
| 2000s | -1.56 | -3.99 | 0.5185 | 10 |
| 2010s | -2.58 | -5.74 | 1.2 | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.47 | -11.17 | 2.13 | 10 |
| 2030s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Countries ranked near Ghana
More external debt data for Ghana
- Net financial flows, IBRD -2.25 million NFL, current US$ (2005)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita -1.02 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP -0.0004 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre -281.78 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 24.5 NFL, current US$ per person (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0101 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre 2,240 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Use of IMF credit 5.36 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) 26.55 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, long-term 30.56 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana was 1 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
- The highest recorded value was 2.13 in 2025.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
- The lowest recorded value was -11.17 in 2020.
- How does Ghana rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Ghana ranks 4th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Ghana?
- Over the last ten years it is up 121.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Ghana data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.