Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana
Ghana: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was 1 in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana, 1980–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Ghana recorded 1 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2031.
That represents a change of up 121.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana peaked at 2.13 in 2025 and was at its lowest, -11.17, in 2020.
Ghana ranks 4th of 24 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | -4.05 | — |
| 1981 | -3.2 | -21.0% |
| 1982 | -1.02 | -68.0% |
| 1983 | -0.6277 | -38.5% |
| 1984 | -0.4472 | -28.8% |
| 1985 | -0.6041 | +35.1% |
| 1986 | -0.4175 | -30.9% |
| 1987 | -0.3818 | -8.6% |
| 1988 | -0.6395 | +67.5% |
| 1989 | -0.3058 | -52.2% |
| 1990 | -1.4 | +357.6% |
| 1991 | -0.818 | -41.6% |
| 1992 | -3.71 | +353.6% |
| 1993 | -3.96 | +6.7% |
| 1994 | -3.2 | -19.2% |
| 1995 | -2.77 | -13.3% |
| 1996 | -3.48 | +25.6% |
| 1997 | -3.6 | +3.4% |
| 1998 | -2.46 | -31.7% |
| 1999 | -3.39 | +37.9% |
| 2000 | -0.9587 | -71.8% |
| 2001 | -1.18 | +22.8% |
| 2002 | -0.8925 | -24.2% |
| 2003 | 0.5185 | -158.1% |
| 2004 | -0.2496 | -148.1% |
| 2005 | -0.3931 | +57.5% |
| 2006 | -1.72 | +337.4% |
| 2007 | -3.62 | +110.8% |
| 2008 | -3.99 | +10.2% |
| 2009 | -3.07 | -23.2% |
| 2010 | -4.91 | +60.1% |
| 2011 | -3.49 | -29.0% |
| 2012 | -5.74 | +64.6% |
| 2013 | -5.58 | -2.8% |
| 2014 | -3.35 | -40.0% |
| 2015 | 0.9376 | -128.0% |
| 2016 | -1.5 | -259.5% |
| 2017 | 1.2 | -180.1% |
| 2018 | -1.35 | -212.8% |
| 2019 | -1.97 | +46.1% |
| 2020 | -11.17 | +465.5% |
| 2021 | -4.77 | -57.3% |
| 2022 | -4.32 | -9.4% |
| 2023 | -0.3186 | -92.6% |
| 2024 | -2.24 | +602.7% |
| 2025 | 2.13 | -195.3% |
| 2026 | 1.48 | -30.6% |
| 2027 | 1.5 | +1.4% |
| 2028 | 1.5 | +0.0% |
| 2029 | 1.5 | +0.0% |
| 2030 | 1 | -33.3% |
| 2031 | 1 | +0.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -1.17 | -4.05 | -0.3058 | 10 |
| 1990s | -2.88 | -3.96 | -0.818 | 10 |
| 2000s | -1.56 | -3.99 | 0.5185 | 10 |
| 2010s | -2.58 | -5.74 | 1.2 | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.47 | -11.17 | 2.13 | 10 |
| 2030s | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Countries ranked near Ghana
More external debt data for Ghana
- IFC, private nonguaranteed -35.10 million NFL, US$ (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita -1.02 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP -0.0004 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre -281.78 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Public and publicly guaranteed debt service 1.1% (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA 843.42 million NFL, current US$ (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 24.5 NFL, current US$ per person (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0101 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Net financial flows, IBRD -2.25 million NFL, current US$ (2005)
- Public and publicly guaranteed debt service 2.9% (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana was 1 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
- The highest recorded value was 2.13 in 2025.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
- The lowest recorded value was -11.17 in 2020.
- How does Ghana rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Ghana ranks 4th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Ghana?
- Over the last ten years it is up 121.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Ghana data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 52 observations, free to reuse under IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.