Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) by country
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.
What the numbers show
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) is currently reported for 24 countries. The highest value is 5.06 in United Arab Emirates; the lowest is -9.02 in Brunei Darussalam.
The median across all reporting countries is -1.14, and the mean is -1.05.
Over the past decade 17 countries rose and 7 fell. The largest increase was in Dominican Republic (up 734.9%), and the largest decrease in Lithuania (down 355.3%).
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Arab Emirates | 5.06 | 2031 | up 18.9% | volatile |
| 2 | Egypt | 3.44 | 2031 | up 221.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Dominican Republic | 1.46 | 2031 | up 734.9% | volatile |
| 4 | Ghana | 1 | 2031 | up 121.0% | volatile |
| 5 | Spain | 0.3729 | 2031 | up 107.9% | volatile |
| 6 | Honduras | 0.0596 | 2031 | up 103.0% | volatile |
| 7 | Nigeria | 0.0167 | 2031 | up 100.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Türkiye | -0.2683 | 2031 | up 77.7% | volatile |
| 9 | Australia | -0.5296 | 2031 | up 90.4% | volatile |
| 10 | Hong Kong, China | -0.7752 | 2031 | up 71.6% | volatile |
| 11 | Thailand | -0.7809 | 2031 | up 85.7% | volatile |
| 12 | Republic of Korea | -0.8551 | 2031 | down 114.4% | volatile |
| 13 | Montenegro | -1.43 | 2031 | down 243.4% | volatile |
| 14 | India | -1.51 | 2031 | up 65.4% | volatile |
| 15 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | -1.69 | 2031 | up 16.9% | volatile |
| 16 | Ecuador | -1.74 | 2025 | up 72.8% | volatile |
| 17 | Poland | -2.03 | 2031 | down 248.8% | volatile |
| 18 | Saudi Arabia | -2.1 | 2031 | down 16.9% | volatile |
| 19 | Japan | -2.31 | 2031 | up 59.8% | volatile |
| 20 | Latvia | -2.54 | 2031 | up 48.5% | volatile |
| 21 | Estonia | -2.88 | 2031 | down 13.0% | volatile |
| 22 | Maldives | -2.89 | 2031 | up 75.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Lithuania | -3.16 | 2031 | down 355.3% | volatile |
| 24 | Brunei Darussalam | -9.02 | 2031 | down 8.2% | volatile |
About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.