Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Japan
Japan: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -2.31 in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Japan, 1980–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Japan recorded -2.31 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2031.
The figure is down 4.6% on the previous year and up 59.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan peaked at 3.09 in 1990 and was at its lowest, -8.63, in 2009.
Japan ranks 19th of 24 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Japan, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | -3.17 | — |
| 1981 | -2.5 | -21.2% |
| 1982 | -2.22 | -11.1% |
| 1983 | -2 | -10.0% |
| 1984 | -0.569 | -71.6% |
| 1985 | 0.6634 | -216.6% |
| 1986 | 0.6243 | -5.9% |
| 1987 | 1.53 | +144.5% |
| 1988 | 2.14 | +40.2% |
| 1989 | 2.6 | +21.5% |
| 1990 | 3.09 | +19.0% |
| 1991 | 2.63 | -14.8% |
| 1992 | 1.64 | -37.9% |
| 1993 | -1.22 | -174.5% |
| 1994 | -2.62 | +115.5% |
| 1995 | -3.07 | +17.1% |
| 1996 | -3.58 | +16.5% |
| 1997 | -2.27 | -36.7% |
| 1998 | -8.61 | +280.0% |
| 1999 | -5.36 | -37.8% |
| 2000 | -5.86 | +9.4% |
| 2001 | -4.83 | -17.6% |
| 2002 | -5.94 | +23.0% |
| 2003 | -6.11 | +2.9% |
| 2004 | -4.18 | -31.7% |
| 2005 | -3.57 | -14.4% |
| 2006 | -2.37 | -33.8% |
| 2007 | -2.16 | -8.7% |
| 2008 | -3.23 | +49.6% |
| 2009 | -8.63 | +166.6% |
| 2010 | -7.99 | -7.3% |
| 2011 | -7.83 | -2.0% |
| 2012 | -7.02 | -10.4% |
| 2013 | -6.51 | -7.3% |
| 2014 | -4.5 | -30.9% |
| 2015 | -2.62 | -41.8% |
| 2016 | -2.53 | -3.3% |
| 2017 | -2.14 | -15.7% |
| 2018 | -1.66 | -22.1% |
| 2019 | -2.38 | +43.1% |
| 2020 | -8.42 | +253.4% |
| 2021 | -5.74 | -31.8% |
| 2022 | -3.83 | -33.3% |
| 2023 | -2.17 | -43.3% |
| 2024 | -1.55 | -28.5% |
| 2025 | -0.8542 | -44.9% |
| 2026 | -1.74 | +103.5% |
| 2027 | -1.7 | -2.2% |
| 2028 | -1.93 | +13.7% |
| 2029 | -2.03 | +5.2% |
| 2030 | -2.21 | +8.5% |
| 2031 | -2.31 | +4.6% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -0.2914 | -3.17 | 2.6 | 10 |
| 1990s | -1.94 | -8.61 | 3.09 | 10 |
| 2000s | -4.69 | -8.63 | -2.16 | 10 |
| 2010s | -4.52 | -7.99 | -1.66 | 10 |
| 2020s | -3 | -8.42 | -0.8542 | 10 |
| 2030s | -2.26 | -2.31 | -2.21 | 2 |
Countries ranked near Japan
More external debt data for Japan
- Other investment, Debt instruments 2.12 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 3.7 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 1.10 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 17,154 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.4772 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 2.04 trillion (2025)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -4.4 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 2.2 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government -2.48 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 8,935 US dollar per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Japan was -2.31 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Japan?
- The highest recorded value was 3.09 in 1990.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Japan?
- The lowest recorded value was -8.63 in 2009.
- How does Japan rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Japan ranks 19th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Japan?
- Over the last ten years it is up 59.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Japan data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.