Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Australia

Australia: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -0.5296 in 2031. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2031)
-0.5296
Change on year
up 3.7%
World rank
9th
of 24 countries
All-time high
1.92
in 2000
All-time low
-7.81
in 2020
Years of data
42
1990–2031

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Australia, 1990–2031

-8-6-4-2021990201020311990: 1.91991: -0.9771992: -3.11993: -2.91994: -1.81995: -0.4971996: 0.5671997: 1.21998: 1.11999: 1.62000: 1.92001: 0.6862002: 0.852003: 1.32004: 1.32005: 1.62006: 1.52007: 1.32008: -1.12009: -4.52010: -4.92011: -4.12012: -2.92013: -2.12014: -2.12015: -1.92016: -1.52017: -0.8452018: -0.4112019: -3.62020: -7.82021: -5.52022: -1.52023: -0.5342024: -1.42025: -1.72026: -1.32027: -12028: -0.9352029: -0.7132030: -0.552031: -0.53

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Australia is -0.5296, measured in 2031.

Compared with earlier readings it is up 3.7% on the previous year and up 90.4% over ten years.

Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Australia peaked at 1.92 in 2000 and was at its lowest, -7.81, in 2020.

That places Australia 9th out of 24 countries with data for 2031, putting it in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Australia, year by year

Annual values for Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) in Australia, 1990 to 2031.
Year Value Change
1990 1.87
1991 -0.9766 -152.3%
1992 -3.11 +218.5%
1993 -2.89 -7.0%
1994 -1.78 -38.5%
1995 -0.4975 -72.1%
1996 0.5673 -214.0%
1997 1.22 +114.8%
1998 1.14 -6.4%
1999 1.64 +44.1%
2000 1.92 +17.0%
2001 0.686 -64.3%
2002 0.8497 +23.9%
2003 1.34 +57.8%
2004 1.31 -2.3%
2005 1.56 +19.1%
2006 1.46 -6.2%
2007 1.28 -12.6%
2008 -1.13 -188.2%
2009 -4.51 +299.5%
2010 -4.87 +7.9%
2011 -4.07 -16.3%
2012 -2.86 -29.9%
2013 -2.06 -27.7%
2014 -2.07 +0.3%
2015 -1.86 -10.0%
2016 -1.52 -18.6%
2017 -0.8448 -44.3%
2018 -0.4111 -51.3%
2019 -3.57 +768.8%
2020 -7.81 +118.6%
2021 -5.51 -29.5%
2022 -1.46 -73.5%
2023 -0.5341 -63.4%
2024 -1.37 +156.4%
2025 -1.72 +25.4%
2026 -1.34 -21.9%
2027 -1.04 -22.5%
2028 -0.9346 -10.0%
2029 -0.7131 -23.7%
2030 -0.5497 -22.9%
2031 -0.5296 -3.7%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s -0.2822 -3.11 1.87 10
2000s 0.4777 -4.51 1.92 10
2010s -2.41 -4.87 -0.4111 10
2020s -2.24 -7.81 -0.5341 10
2030s -0.5396 -0.5497 -0.5296 2

Countries ranked near Australia

  1. 6 Honduras 0.0596 compare
  2. 7 Nigeria 0.0167 compare
  3. 8 Türkiye -0.2683 compare
  4. 10 Hong Kong, China -0.7752 compare
  5. 11 Thailand -0.7809 compare
  6. 12 Republic of Korea -0.8551 compare

See the full ranking of 24 places →

More external debt data for Australia

All data for Australia →

Frequently asked questions

What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Australia?
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Australia was -0.5296 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Australia?
The highest recorded value was 1.92 in 2000.
What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Australia?
The lowest recorded value was -7.81 in 2020.
How does Australia rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
Australia ranks 9th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Australia?
Over the last ten years it is up 90.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Australia data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Australia. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 08 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/primary-net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp-9-26-2025/australia/

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About this data

Indicator
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025)
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
24 places, 924 data points, 1980–2031
Last refreshed

The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.