Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Iceland
Iceland: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was 1.75 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2030)
1.75
Change on year
up 8.7%
World rank
38th
of 188 countries
All-time high
15.25
in 2016
All-time low
-13.33
in 2008
Years of data
40
1991–2030
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Iceland, 1991–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Iceland stood at 1.75.
The figure is up 8.7% on the previous year and up 126.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Iceland peaked at 15.25 in 2016 and was at its lowest, -13.33, in 2008.
That places Iceland 38th out of 188 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Iceland, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 1.1 | — |
| 1992 | 0.0123 | -98.9% |
| 1993 | -2.3 | -18782.5% |
| 1994 | -2.34 | +1.6% |
| 1995 | -0.1729 | -92.6% |
| 1996 | 0.8833 | -610.9% |
| 1997 | 2.26 | +155.8% |
| 1998 | 1.96 | -13.5% |
| 1999 | 3.2 | +63.8% |
| 2000 | 2.88 | -10.0% |
| 2001 | 0.7302 | -74.7% |
| 2002 | -1.33 | -282.2% |
| 2003 | -1.2 | -9.9% |
| 2004 | 1.3 | -208.5% |
| 2005 | 5.35 | +311.5% |
| 2006 | 5.67 | +5.9% |
| 2007 | 4.77 | -15.9% |
| 2008 | -13.33 | -379.5% |
| 2009 | -6.09 | -54.3% |
| 2010 | -4.13 | -32.1% |
| 2011 | -4.17 | +0.9% |
| 2012 | 0.3163 | -107.6% |
| 2013 | 1.86 | +489.0% |
| 2014 | 3.74 | +100.5% |
| 2015 | 3.18 | -15.0% |
| 2016 | 15.25 | +380.0% |
| 2017 | 3.9 | -74.4% |
| 2018 | 3.03 | -22.3% |
| 2019 | 0.4623 | -84.7% |
| 2020 | -6.66 | -1539.7% |
| 2021 | -6.13 | -7.9% |
| 2022 | -0.8491 | -86.1% |
| 2023 | 0.5781 | -168.1% |
| 2024 | -0.9836 | -270.1% |
| 2025 | 0.8451 | -185.9% |
| 2026 | 0.8675 | +2.6% |
| 2027 | 1.16 | +34.3% |
| 2028 | 1.37 | +17.5% |
| 2029 | 1.61 | +17.9% |
| 2030 | 1.75 | +8.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 0.5119 | -2.34 | 3.2 | 9 |
| 2000s | -0.1249 | -13.33 | 5.67 | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.34 | -4.17 | 15.25 | 10 |
| 2020s | -0.8181 | -6.66 | 1.61 | 10 |
| 2030s | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Iceland
More external debt data for Iceland
- Other investment, Debt instruments 6.68 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 12.88 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 2.95 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 17,018 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.1731 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 9.22 billion (2025)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -0.0418 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 50.67 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 7,520 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.0765 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Iceland?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Iceland was 1.75 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Iceland?
- The highest recorded value was 15.25 in 2016.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Iceland?
- The lowest recorded value was -13.33 in 2008.
- How does Iceland rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Iceland ranks 38th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Iceland?
- Over the last ten years it is up 126.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Iceland data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October