Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Italy
Italy: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was 1.86 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2030)
1.86
Change on year
up 3.8%
World rank
35th
of 188 countries
All-time high
5.65
in 1997
All-time low
-6.1
in 2020
Years of data
40
1991–2030
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Italy, 1991–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
In 2030, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Italy stood at 1.86.
The figure is up 3.8% on the previous year and up 130.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Italy peaked at 5.65 in 1997 and was at its lowest, -6.1, in 2020.
That places Italy 35th out of 188 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Italy, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | -0.463 | — |
| 1992 | 1.31 | -383.5% |
| 1993 | 2.07 | +57.8% |
| 1994 | 1.52 | -26.5% |
| 1995 | 3.08 | +102.2% |
| 1996 | 3.73 | +21.2% |
| 1997 | 5.65 | +51.3% |
| 1998 | 4.48 | -20.6% |
| 1999 | 4.33 | -3.5% |
| 2000 | 3.41 | -21.2% |
| 2001 | 2.56 | -24.9% |
| 2002 | 2.3 | -10.3% |
| 2003 | 1.49 | -34.9% |
| 2004 | 0.9623 | -35.6% |
| 2005 | 0.1975 | -79.5% |
| 2006 | 0.5959 | +201.7% |
| 2007 | 3.17 | +431.8% |
| 2008 | 2.08 | -34.5% |
| 2009 | -0.8732 | -142.1% |
| 2010 | -0.0702 | -92.0% |
| 2011 | 0.8902 | -1367.9% |
| 2012 | 1.97 | +120.8% |
| 2013 | 1.75 | -11.2% |
| 2014 | 1.56 | -10.6% |
| 2015 | 1.48 | -5.2% |
| 2016 | 1.34 | -9.5% |
| 2017 | 1.1 | -18.1% |
| 2018 | 1.29 | +17.6% |
| 2019 | 1.74 | +34.8% |
| 2020 | -6.1 | -451.1% |
| 2021 | -5.6 | -8.3% |
| 2022 | -4.18 | -25.4% |
| 2023 | -3.74 | -10.5% |
| 2024 | 0.2935 | -107.9% |
| 2025 | 0.5195 | +77.0% |
| 2026 | 1.05 | +103.0% |
| 2027 | 1.29 | +22.7% |
| 2028 | 1.77 | +36.8% |
| 2029 | 1.79 | +1.1% |
| 2030 | 1.86 | +3.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2.86 | -0.463 | 5.65 | 9 |
| 2000s | 1.59 | -0.8732 | 3.41 | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.3 | -0.0702 | 1.97 | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.29 | -6.1 | 1.79 | 10 |
| 2030s | 1.86 | 1.86 | 1.86 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Italy
More external debt data for Italy
- Other investment, Debt instruments 789.33 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 29.89 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 438.83 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 13,398 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.3094 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 78.86 billion (2023)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -2.46 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 45.89 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 7,448 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.172 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Italy?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Italy was 1.86 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Italy?
- The highest recorded value was 5.65 in 1997.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Italy?
- The lowest recorded value was -6.1 in 2020.
- How does Italy rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Italy ranks 35th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Italy?
- Over the last ten years it is up 130.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Italy data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October