Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in United States
United States: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP was -3.44 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in United States, 2002–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United States is -3.44, measured in 2030.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 5.2% on the previous year and up 71.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United States peaked at -0.0739 in 2006 and was at its lowest, -12.07, in 2020.
That places United States 169th out of 188 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in United States, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | -1.72 | — |
| 2003 | -2.81 | +63.7% |
| 2004 | -2.35 | -16.4% |
| 2005 | -1.08 | -53.9% |
| 2006 | -0.0739 | -93.2% |
| 2007 | -0.8466 | +1046.0% |
| 2008 | -4.59 | +442.1% |
| 2009 | -11.29 | +146.0% |
| 2010 | -8.97 | -20.6% |
| 2011 | -7.42 | -17.3% |
| 2012 | -5.9 | -20.4% |
| 2013 | -2.58 | -56.2% |
| 2014 | -2.06 | -20.4% |
| 2015 | -1.69 | -17.7% |
| 2016 | -2.37 | +40.3% |
| 2017 | -2.78 | +17.1% |
| 2018 | -3.1 | +11.5% |
| 2019 | -3.53 | +13.8% |
| 2020 | -12.07 | +242.2% |
| 2021 | -9.16 | -24.1% |
| 2022 | -0.9873 | -89.2% |
| 2023 | -4.67 | +373.0% |
| 2024 | -4.61 | -1.2% |
| 2025 | -3.8 | -17.7% |
| 2026 | -4.06 | +6.9% |
| 2027 | -4.12 | +1.3% |
| 2028 | -4.18 | +1.5% |
| 2029 | -3.63 | -13.2% |
| 2030 | -3.44 | -5.2% |
United States compared with similar countries
- United States's -3.44 is below the median for high income countries, which is -0.7398, 4.7× the median. (62 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in United States changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | -1046.0% | -0.0739 | -0.8466 |
| 2008 | -442.1% | -0.8466 | -4.59 |
| 2023 | -373.0% | -0.9873 | -4.67 |
| 2020 | -242.2% | -3.53 | -12.07 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | -3.1 | -11.29 | -0.0739 | 8 |
| 2010s | -4.04 | -8.97 | -1.69 | 10 |
| 2020s | -5.13 | -12.07 | -0.9873 | 10 |
| 2030s | -3.44 | -3.44 | -3.44 | 1 |
Countries ranked near United States
More external debt data for United States
- Other investment, Debt instruments 6.50 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 16.14 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 2.69 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 19,013 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.2112 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 3.53 trillion (2025)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -7.59 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 15.06 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 7,875 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 0.0875 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United States?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in United States was -3.44 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in United States?
- The highest recorded value was -0.0739 in 2006.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in United States?
- The lowest recorded value was -12.07 in 2020.
- How does United States rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- United States ranks 169th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in United States?
- Over the last ten years it is up 71.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this United States data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October