Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Vietnam
Vietnam: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP was -1.01 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Vietnam, 1999–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Vietnam is -1.01, measured in 2030.
That represents a change of up 3.3% on the previous year and up 34.1% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Vietnam peaked at 1.67 in 2022 and was at its lowest, -4.76, in 2013.
That places Vietnam 122nd out of 188 countries with data for 2030, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Vietnam, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | -0.7877 | — |
| 2000 | -0.9787 | +24.2% |
| 2001 | -1.46 | +49.0% |
| 2002 | -1.07 | -26.5% |
| 2003 | -1.74 | +62.2% |
| 2004 | 0.5798 | -133.4% |
| 2005 | -0.3834 | -166.1% |
| 2006 | 0.7915 | -306.4% |
| 2007 | -0.939 | -218.6% |
| 2008 | 0.3681 | -139.2% |
| 2009 | -3.93 | -1168.1% |
| 2010 | -1.32 | -66.3% |
| 2011 | -0.0595 | -95.5% |
| 2012 | -4.48 | +7432.9% |
| 2013 | -4.76 | +6.1% |
| 2014 | -3.66 | -22.9% |
| 2015 | -3.4 | -7.1% |
| 2016 | -1.63 | -52.2% |
| 2017 | -0.4113 | -74.7% |
| 2018 | 0.4996 | -221.5% |
| 2019 | 0.9924 | +98.6% |
| 2020 | -1.54 | -254.9% |
| 2021 | -0.2328 | -84.9% |
| 2022 | 1.67 | -817.2% |
| 2023 | -0.8526 | -151.1% |
| 2024 | -0.6452 | -24.3% |
| 2025 | -2.41 | +273.2% |
| 2026 | -1.4 | -41.9% |
| 2027 | -1.22 | -12.6% |
| 2028 | -1.11 | -9.4% |
| 2029 | -1.05 | -5.3% |
| 2030 | -1.01 | -3.3% |
Vietnam compared with similar countries
- Vietnam's -1.01 is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is 0.0281. (55 countries reporting)
- Vietnam's -1.01 is above the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is -1.01, 1.0× the median. (27 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Vietnam changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | -7432.9% | -0.0595 | -4.48 |
| 2009 | -1168.1% | 0.3681 | -3.93 |
| 2022 | +817.2% | -0.2328 | 1.67 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | -0.7877 | -0.7877 | -0.7877 | 1 |
| 2000s | -0.8761 | -3.93 | 0.7915 | 10 |
| 2010s | -1.82 | -4.76 | 0.9924 | 10 |
| 2020s | -0.8782 | -2.41 | 1.67 | 10 |
| 2030s | -1.01 | -1.01 | -1.01 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Vietnam
More external debt data for Vietnam
- Net financial flows, IBRD -118.60 million NFL, current US$ (2025)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita -1.17 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP -0.0002 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre 1,211 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita -5.62 NFL, current US$ per person (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP -0.0012 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre -2,045 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Use of IMF credit 1.94 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) 36.13 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, long-term 89.18 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Vietnam?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Vietnam was -1.01 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Vietnam?
- The highest recorded value was 1.67 in 2022.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Vietnam?
- The lowest recorded value was -4.76 in 2013.
- How does Vietnam rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Vietnam ranks 122nd out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Vietnam?
- Over the last ten years it is up 34.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Vietnam data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October