Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP in Spain
Spain: Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP was 90.44 in 2031. ▲ Rising
Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP in Spain, 1980–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Spain is 90.44, measured in 2031.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 1.3% on the previous year and down 21.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Spain peaked at 119.18 in 2020 and was at its lowest, 16.11, in 1980.
That places Spain 4th out of 26 countries with data for 2031, putting it in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 52 years of available data.
Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 16.11 | — |
| 1981 | 19.45 | +20.8% |
| 1982 | 24.43 | +25.6% |
| 1983 | 29.52 | +20.8% |
| 1984 | 36.02 | +22.0% |
| 1985 | 40.87 | +13.4% |
| 1986 | 42.07 | +3.0% |
| 1987 | 41.92 | -0.4% |
| 1988 | 38.5 | -8.1% |
| 1989 | 39.87 | +3.6% |
| 1990 | 41.3 | +3.6% |
| 1991 | 41.86 | +1.4% |
| 1992 | 44.13 | +5.4% |
| 1993 | 54.57 | +23.6% |
| 1994 | 57.02 | +4.5% |
| 1995 | 61.59 | +8.0% |
| 1996 | 65.44 | +6.3% |
| 1997 | 64.29 | -1.8% |
| 1998 | 62.35 | -3.0% |
| 1999 | 60.85 | -2.4% |
| 2000 | 57.84 | -5.0% |
| 2001 | 54.05 | -6.5% |
| 2002 | 51.24 | -5.2% |
| 2003 | 47.69 | -6.9% |
| 2004 | 45.33 | -4.9% |
| 2005 | 42.4 | -6.5% |
| 2006 | 39.02 | -8.0% |
| 2007 | 35.7 | -8.5% |
| 2008 | 39.61 | +11.0% |
| 2009 | 53.08 | +34.0% |
| 2010 | 60.27 | +13.5% |
| 2011 | 69.53 | +15.4% |
| 2012 | 89.56 | +28.8% |
| 2013 | 100 | +11.7% |
| 2014 | 104.42 | +4.4% |
| 2015 | 102.44 | -1.9% |
| 2016 | 101.97 | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 101.14 | -0.8% |
| 2018 | 99.72 | -1.4% |
| 2019 | 97.58 | -2.1% |
| 2020 | 119.18 | +22.1% |
| 2021 | 115.59 | -3.0% |
| 2022 | 109.23 | -5.5% |
| 2023 | 105.07 | -3.8% |
| 2024 | 101.65 | -3.3% |
| 2025 | 100.43 | -1.2% |
| 2026 | 98.17 | -2.2% |
| 2027 | 96.19 | -2.0% |
| 2028 | 94.21 | -2.1% |
| 2029 | 92.94 | -1.3% |
| 2030 | 91.67 | -1.4% |
| 2031 | 90.44 | -1.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 32.87 | 16.11 | 42.07 | 10 |
| 1990s | 55.34 | 41.3 | 65.44 | 10 |
| 2000s | 46.59 | 35.7 | 57.84 | 10 |
| 2010s | 92.66 | 60.27 | 104.42 | 10 |
| 2020s | 103.27 | 92.94 | 119.18 | 10 |
| 2030s | 91.06 | 90.44 | 91.67 | 2 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More external debt data for Spain
- Other investment, Debt instruments 1.18 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 24.9 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 727.36 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 23,915 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.6191 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 130.05 billion (2024)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -2.02 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 27.17 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government 0.6025 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 14,737 US dollar per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Spain?
- Gross debt, general government, percent of gdp in Spain was 90.44 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest gross debt, general government, percent of gdp recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 119.18 in 2020.
- What is the lowest gross debt, general government, percent of gdp recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 16.11 in 1980.
- How does Spain rank for gross debt, general government, percent of gdp?
- Spain ranks 4th out of 26 countries with data for 2031.
- Is gross debt, general government, percent of gdp rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 21.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.