Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Japan

Japan: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of was -4.04 in 2031. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2031)
-4.04
Change on year
down 9.3%
World rank
20th
of 26 countries
All-time high
1.91
in 1990
All-time low
-9.91
in 1998
Years of data
52
1980–2031

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Japan, 1980–2031

-10-7.5-5-2.502.5198020052031

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

In 2031, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Japan stood at -4.04.

That represents a change of down 9.3% on the previous year and up 36.1% over ten years.

Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Japan peaked at 1.91 in 1990 and was at its lowest, -9.91, in 1998.

That places Japan 20th out of 26 countries with data for 2031, putting it in the bottom quarter.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Japan, year by year

Annual values for Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) in Japan, 1980 to 2031.
Year Value Change
1980 -4.32
1981 -3.77 -12.7%
1982 -3.73 -1.0%
1983 -3.86 +3.5%
1984 -2.57 -33.5%
1985 -1.34 -47.8%
1986 -1.33 -0.7%
1987 -0.3513 -73.6%
1988 0.4836 -237.7%
1989 1.2 +148.9%
1990 1.91 +59.1%
1991 1.64 -14.5%
1992 0.5615 -65.7%
1993 -2.34 -516.3%
1994 -3.7 +58.2%
1995 -4.22 +14.2%
1996 -4.75 +12.5%
1997 -3.44 -27.7%
1998 -9.91 +188.2%
1999 -6.68 -32.7%
2000 -7.17 +7.4%
2001 -6.11 -14.8%
2002 -7.22 +18.2%
2003 -7.35 +1.8%
2004 -5.26 -28.4%
2005 -4.39 -16.5%
2006 -3 -31.8%
2007 -2.86 -4.6%
2008 -4.07 +42.3%
2009 -9.62 +136.7%
2010 -9.05 -6.0%
2011 -9.02 -0.4%
2012 -8.22 -8.8%
2013 -7.62 -7.3%
2014 -5.58 -26.8%
2015 -3.64 -34.8%
2016 -3.58 -1.8%
2017 -3.05 -14.7%
2018 -2.44 -19.9%
2019 -3.05 +24.7%
2020 -9.04 +196.7%
2021 -6.32 -30.0%
2022 -4.23 -33.2%
2023 -2.39 -43.4%
2024 -1.67 -30.4%
2025 -1.05 -36.8%
2026 -2.05 +94.2%
2027 -2.37 +15.6%
2028 -2.95 +24.5%
2029 -3.29 +11.6%
2030 -3.7 +12.4%
2031 -4.04 +9.3%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1980s -1.96 -4.32 1.2 10
1990s -3.09 -9.91 1.91 10
2000s -5.7 -9.62 -2.86 10
2010s -5.52 -9.05 -2.44 10
2020s -3.53 -9.04 -1.05 10
2030s -3.87 -4.04 -3.7 2

Countries ranked near Japan

  1. 17 Estonia -3.58 compare
  2. 18 Iran, Islamic Republic of -3.61 compare
  3. 19 Latvia -4.01 compare
  4. 21 Lithuania -4.31 compare
  5. 22 Montenegro -4.33 compare
  6. 23 Poland -4.81 compare

See the full ranking of 26 places →

More external debt data for Japan

All data for Japan →

Frequently asked questions

What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Japan?
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Japan was -4.04 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Japan?
The highest recorded value was 1.91 in 1990.
What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Japan?
The lowest recorded value was -9.91 in 1998.
How does Japan rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of?
Japan ranks 20th out of 26 countries with data for 2031.
Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of rising or falling in Japan?
Over the last ten years it is up 36.1%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Japan data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Japan. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 08 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp-9-26-2025/japan/

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About this data

Indicator
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025)
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
26 places, 1,066 data points, 1980–2031
Last refreshed

The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.