Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) by country
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.
What the numbers show
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) is currently reported for 26 countries. The highest value is 4.49 in United Arab Emirates; the lowest is -9.02 in Brunei Darussalam.
The median across all reporting countries is -2.78, and the mean is -2.81.
Over the past decade 16 countries rose and 10 fell. The largest increase was in Ghana (up 81.9%), and the largest decrease in Hong Kong, China (down 9,364.2%).
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Arab Emirates | 4.49 | 2031 | up 13.3% | volatile |
| 2 | Singapore | 1.84 | 2031 | up 65.1% | volatile |
| 3 | Honduras | -0.6454 | 2031 | up 79.6% | volatile |
| 4 | Hong Kong, China | -0.7516 | 2031 | down 9,364.2% | volatile |
| 5 | Republic of Korea | -1.08 | 2031 | down 5,691.0% | volatile |
| 6 | Australia | -1.45 | 2031 | up 77.2% | volatile |
| 7 | Nigeria | -1.87 | 2031 | up 52.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Dominican Republic | -2 | 2031 | up 31.4% | volatile |
| 9 | Taiwan, China | -2.13 | 2031 | down 3.1% | volatile |
| 10 | Spain | -2.15 | 2031 | up 67.7% | volatile |
| 11 | Ghana | -2.17 | 2031 | up 81.9% | volatile |
| 12 | Thailand | -2.22 | 2031 | up 67.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Türkiye | -2.68 | 2031 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 14 | Ecuador | -2.88 | 2025 | up 58.0% | volatile |
| 15 | Egypt | -3.08 | 2031 | up 55.8% | falling |
| 16 | Saudi Arabia | -3.17 | 2031 | down 59.2% | volatile |
| 17 | Estonia | -3.58 | 2031 | down 39.5% | volatile |
| 18 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | -3.61 | 2031 | down 19.9% | volatile |
| 19 | Latvia | -4.01 | 2031 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Japan | -4.04 | 2031 | up 36.1% | volatile |
| 21 | Lithuania | -4.31 | 2031 | down 274.7% | volatile |
| 22 | Montenegro | -4.33 | 2031 | down 215.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Poland | -4.81 | 2031 | down 187.1% | falling |
| 24 | India | -6.55 | 2031 | up 32.5% | rising |
| 25 | Maldives | -6.72 | 2031 | up 52.6% | volatile |
| 26 | Brunei Darussalam | -9.02 | 2031 | down 8.2% | volatile |
About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.