Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Spain

Spain: Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of was -2.15 in 2031. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2031)
-2.15
Change on year
up 0.1%
World rank
10th
of 26 countries
All-time high
2.12
in 2006
All-time low
-11.5
in 2012
Years of data
52
1980–2031

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Spain, 1980–2031

-10-50198020052031

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

In 2031, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain stood at -2.15.

The figure is up 0.1% on the previous year and up 67.7% over ten years.

Over the whole period, net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain peaked at 2.12 in 2006 and was at its lowest, -11.5, in 2012.

Spain ranks 10th of 26 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Spain, year by year

Annual values for Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025) in Spain, 1980 to 2031.
Year Value Change
1980 -2.02
1981 -2.39 +18.1%
1982 -5.48 +129.0%
1983 -4.71 -13.9%
1984 -5.39 +14.3%
1985 -6.8 +26.2%
1986 -5.93 -12.8%
1987 -3.28 -44.7%
1988 -3.4 +3.8%
1989 -2.99 -12.1%
1990 -3.9 +30.5%
1991 -4.58 +17.4%
1992 -4.26 -6.9%
1993 -6.89 +61.6%
1994 -6.31 -8.3%
1995 -6.79 +7.6%
1996 -5.87 -13.7%
1997 -3.86 -34.2%
1998 -2.63 -31.9%
1999 -1.24 -52.8%
2000 -1.16 -6.4%
2001 -0.4549 -60.8%
2002 -0.3166 -30.4%
2003 -0.3749 +18.4%
2004 -0.0951 -74.6%
2005 1.23 -1393.8%
2006 2.12 +72.4%
2007 1.88 -11.3%
2008 -4.56 -342.2%
2009 -11.24 +146.4%
2010 -9.49 -15.6%
2011 -9.69 +2.2%
2012 -11.5 +18.6%
2013 -7.49 -34.8%
2014 -6.07 -18.9%
2015 -5.26 -13.3%
2016 -4.26 -19.0%
2017 -3.1 -27.4%
2018 -2.58 -16.8%
2019 -3.04 +18.0%
2020 -10.02 +229.7%
2021 -6.66 -33.6%
2022 -4.59 -31.1%
2023 -3.34 -27.2%
2024 -3.22 -3.7%
2025 -2.5 -22.4%
2026 -2.07 -17.2%
2027 -2.26 +9.5%
2028 -2.17 -4.1%
2029 -2.16 -0.6%
2030 -2.15 -0.2%
2031 -2.15 -0.1%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1980s -4.24 -6.8 -2.02 10
1990s -4.63 -6.89 -1.24 10
2000s -1.3 -11.24 2.12 10
2010s -6.25 -11.5 -2.58 10
2020s -3.9 -10.02 -2.07 10
2030s -2.15 -2.15 -2.15 2

Countries ranked near Spain

  1. 7 Nigeria -1.87 compare
  2. 8 Dominican Republic -2 compare
  3. 9 Taiwan, China -2.13 compare
  4. 11 Ghana -2.17 compare
  5. 12 Thailand -2.22 compare
  6. 13 Türkiye -2.68 compare

See the full ranking of 26 places →

More external debt data for Spain

All data for Spain →

Frequently asked questions

What is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain?
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of in Spain was -2.15 in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Spain?
The highest recorded value was 2.12 in 2006.
What is the lowest net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of recorded in Spain?
The lowest recorded value was -11.5 in 2012.
How does Spain rank for net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of?
Spain ranks 10th out of 26 countries with data for 2031.
Is net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government, percent of rising or falling in Spain?
Over the last ten years it is up 67.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Spain data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of in Spain. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 05 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp-9-26-2025/spain/

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About this data

Indicator
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP (9/26/2025)
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
26 places, 1,066 data points, 1980–2031
Last refreshed

The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.