Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana

Ghana: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was 1 in 2030. ◆ Volatile

Latest (2030)
1
Change on year
down 33.3%
World rank
55th
of 188 countries
All-time high
1.5
in 2026
All-time low
-11.17
in 2020
Years of data
40
1991–2030

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana, 1991–2030

-10-501991201020301991: -0.8181992: -3.71993: -41994: -3.21995: -2.81996: -3.51997: -3.61998: -2.51999: -3.42000: -0.9592001: -1.22002: -0.8932003: 0.5192004: -0.252005: -0.3932006: -1.72007: -3.62008: -42009: -3.12010: -4.92011: -3.52012: -5.72013: -5.62014: -3.32015: 0.9382016: -1.52017: 1.22018: -1.42019: -22020: -11.22021: -4.82022: -4.32023: -0.3192024: -3.32025: 1.52026: 1.52027: 1.52028: 1.52029: 1.52030: 1

Source: International Monetary Fund.

Analysis

The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana is 1, measured in 2030.

The figure is down 33.3% on the previous year and up 109.0% over ten years.

Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana peaked at 1.5 in 2026 and was at its lowest, -11.17, in 2020.

Ghana ranks 55th of 188 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.

The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.

Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana, year by year

Annual values for Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP in Ghana, 1991 to 2030.
Year Value Change
1991 -0.818
1992 -3.71 +353.6%
1993 -3.96 +6.7%
1994 -3.2 -19.2%
1995 -2.77 -13.3%
1996 -3.48 +25.6%
1997 -3.6 +3.4%
1998 -2.46 -31.7%
1999 -3.39 +37.9%
2000 -0.9587 -71.8%
2001 -1.18 +22.8%
2002 -0.8925 -24.2%
2003 0.5185 -158.1%
2004 -0.2496 -148.1%
2005 -0.3931 +57.5%
2006 -1.72 +337.4%
2007 -3.62 +110.8%
2008 -3.99 +10.2%
2009 -3.07 -23.2%
2010 -4.91 +60.1%
2011 -3.49 -29.0%
2012 -5.74 +64.6%
2013 -5.58 -2.8%
2014 -3.35 -40.0%
2015 0.9376 -128.0%
2016 -1.5 -259.5%
2017 1.2 -180.1%
2018 -1.35 -212.8%
2019 -1.97 +46.1%
2020 -11.17 +465.5%
2021 -4.77 -57.3%
2022 -4.32 -9.4%
2023 -0.3186 -92.6%
2024 -3.31 +937.4%
2025 1.45 -144.0%
2026 1.5 +3.2%
2027 1.5 +0.0%
2028 1.5 +0.0%
2029 1.5 +0.0%
2030 1 -33.3%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s -3.04 -3.96 -0.818 9
2000s -1.56 -3.99 0.5185 10
2010s -2.58 -5.74 1.2 10
2020s -1.64 -11.17 1.5 10
2030s 1 1 1 1

Countries ranked near Ghana

  1. 52 Cape Verde 1.25 compare
  2. 53 Colombia 1.2 compare
  3. 54 Gambia 1.15 compare
  4. 55 Antigua and Barbuda 1 compare
  5. 57 Armenia 0.986 compare
  6. 58 Bhutan 0.9575 compare

See the full ranking of 206 places →

More external debt data for Ghana

All data for Ghana →

Frequently asked questions

What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana?
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana was 1 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
The highest recorded value was 1.5 in 2026.
What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
The lowest recorded value was -11.17 in 2020.
How does Ghana rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
Ghana ranks 55th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Ghana?
Over the last ten years it is up 109.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
Where does this Ghana data come from?
The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 03 September 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/primary-net-lending-net-borrowing-general-government-percent-of-gdp/ghana/

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About this data

Indicator
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
206 places, 7,312 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October