Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Macao
Macao: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP was -37.04 in 2022. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Macao, 2002–2022
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Macao recorded -37.04 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2022. That is the lowest value across all 21 years on record.
The figure is down 187.3% on the previous year and down 254.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Macao peaked at 26.99 in 2013 and was at its lowest, -37.04, in 2022.
That places Macao 187th out of 188 countries with data for 2022, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Macao, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 2.66 | — |
| 2003 | 4.8 | +80.3% |
| 2004 | 7.8 | +62.5% |
| 2005 | 8.31 | +6.6% |
| 2006 | 9.74 | +17.1% |
| 2007 | 16.38 | +68.1% |
| 2008 | 17.48 | +6.7% |
| 2009 | 13.37 | -23.5% |
| 2010 | 19.41 | +45.2% |
| 2011 | 24.67 | +27.1% |
| 2012 | 23.98 | -2.8% |
| 2013 | 26.99 | +12.5% |
| 2014 | 24.16 | -10.5% |
| 2015 | 13.82 | -42.8% |
| 2016 | 11.41 | -17.4% |
| 2017 | 13.27 | +16.3% |
| 2018 | 13.33 | +0.4% |
| 2019 | 14.44 | +8.4% |
| 2020 | -21.41 | -248.3% |
| 2021 | -12.89 | -39.8% |
| 2022 | -37.04 | +187.3% |
Macao compared with similar countries
- Macao's -37.04 is below the median for high income countries, which is -0.7398, 50.1× the median. (62 countries reporting)
- Macao's -37.04 is below the median for East Asia & Pacific, which is -1.01, 36.6× the median. (27 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Macao changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | -248.3% | 14.44 | -21.41 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 10.07 | 2.66 | 17.48 | 8 |
| 2010s | 18.55 | 11.41 | 26.99 | 10 |
| 2020s | -23.78 | -37.04 | -12.89 | 3 |
Countries ranked near Macao
More external debt data for Macao
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 139.22 billion (2025)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of 8.27 (2030)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 8.95 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross debt, General government, Percent of GDP 0 (2030)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 202,977 units per person (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 2.67 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 71,736 (2025)
- Direct investment, Net (net acquisition of financial assets less net) -568.47 million (2024)
- Direct investment, Net incurrence of liabilities, Liabilities 1.45 billion (2024)
- Other investment, Net (net acquisition of financial assets less net) -2.52 billion (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Macao?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Macao was -37.04 in 2022, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Macao?
- The highest recorded value was 26.99 in 2013.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Macao?
- The lowest recorded value was -37.04 in 2022.
- How does Macao rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Macao ranks 187th out of 188 countries with data for 2022.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Macao?
- Over the last ten years it is down 254.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Macao data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October