Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Turkey
Turkey: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP was -0.573 in 2030. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Turkey, 2001–2030
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Turkey recorded -0.573 for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2030.
The figure is up 0.4% on the previous year and up 79.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Turkey peaked at 4.6 in 2004 and was at its lowest, -3.5, in 2023.
Turkey ranks 104th of 188 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Turkey, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 4.58 | — |
| 2002 | 2.26 | -50.7% |
| 2003 | 4.13 | +83.3% |
| 2004 | 4.6 | +11.2% |
| 2005 | 4.32 | -6.1% |
| 2006 | 4.56 | +5.7% |
| 2007 | 3.17 | -30.6% |
| 2008 | 1.95 | -38.4% |
| 2009 | -0.8699 | -144.6% |
| 2010 | 0.4407 | -150.7% |
| 2011 | 2.12 | +380.8% |
| 2012 | 0.6901 | -67.4% |
| 2013 | 1.06 | +53.0% |
| 2014 | 0.9882 | -6.4% |
| 2015 | 1.33 | +34.3% |
| 2016 | -0.2857 | -121.5% |
| 2017 | -0.5485 | +92.0% |
| 2018 | -1.68 | +207.0% |
| 2019 | -2.91 | +72.5% |
| 2020 | -2.86 | -1.6% |
| 2021 | -1.2 | -57.9% |
| 2022 | 0.0463 | -103.8% |
| 2023 | -3.5 | -7658.2% |
| 2024 | -2.48 | -29.0% |
| 2025 | -0.8727 | -64.8% |
| 2026 | -0.7317 | -16.2% |
| 2027 | -0.5633 | -23.0% |
| 2028 | -0.5667 | +0.6% |
| 2029 | -0.5752 | +1.5% |
| 2030 | -0.573 | -0.4% |
Turkey compared with similar countries
- Turkey's -0.573 is below the median for upper middle income countries, which is 0.0281. (55 countries reporting)
- Turkey's -0.573 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -0.7953, 72% of the median. (48 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) … Primary Percent GDP in Turkey changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -7658.2% | 0.0463 | -3.5 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 3.19 | -0.8699 | 4.6 | 9 |
| 2010s | 0.1197 | -2.91 | 2.12 | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.33 | -3.5 | 0.0463 | 10 |
| 2030s | -0.573 | -0.573 | -0.573 | 1 |
Countries ranked near Turkey
More external debt data for Turkey
- Net financial flows, IBRD 854.28 million NFL, current US$ (2025)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita -0.8193 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP -0.0001 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre 1,027 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita -0.0109 NFL, current US$ per person (2022)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP -0 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2022)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre -1.2 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2022)
- Use of IMF credit 7.58 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) 188.58 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, long-term 399.46 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Turkey?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Turkey was -0.573 in 2030, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Turkey?
- The highest recorded value was 4.6 in 2004.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Turkey?
- The lowest recorded value was -3.5 in 2023.
- How does Turkey rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Turkey ranks 104th out of 188 countries with data for 2030.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Turkey?
- Over the last ten years it is up 79.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Turkey data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 30 observations, free to reuse under IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October