Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in Estonia
Estonia: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic was -1.60 billion in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Estonia, 1995–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Estonia recorded -1.60 billion for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2031.
Compared with earlier readings it is down 1.7% on the previous year and down 99.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia peaked at 352.41 million in 2007 and was at its lowest, -1.91 billion, in 2027.
That places Estonia 10th out of 24 countries with data for 2031, putting it in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 4.79 million | — |
| 1996 | -19.34 million | -503.3% |
| 1997 | 153.71 million | -894.8% |
| 1998 | 53.23 million | -65.4% |
| 1999 | -166.53 million | -412.8% |
| 2000 | -2.33 million | -98.6% |
| 2001 | 28.27 million | -1313.7% |
| 2002 | 22.76 million | -19.5% |
| 2003 | 120.36 million | +428.8% |
| 2004 | 204.66 million | +70.0% |
| 2005 | 97.54 million | -52.3% |
| 2006 | 332.37 million | +240.8% |
| 2007 | 352.41 million | +6.0% |
| 2008 | -556.08 million | -257.8% |
| 2009 | -516.12 million | -7.2% |
| 2010 | -181.57 million | -64.8% |
| 2011 | -8.65 million | -95.2% |
| 2012 | -166.51 million | +1825.4% |
| 2013 | -136.60 million | -18.0% |
| 2014 | 78.47 million | -157.4% |
| 2015 | -60.23 million | -176.8% |
| 2016 | -150.00 million | +149.0% |
| 2017 | -264.19 million | +76.1% |
| 2018 | -307.29 million | +16.3% |
| 2019 | -33.65 million | -89.0% |
| 2020 | -1.50 billion | +4366.5% |
| 2021 | -802.53 million | -46.6% |
| 2022 | -368.95 million | -54.0% |
| 2023 | -1.11 billion | +201.1% |
| 2024 | -503.74 million | -54.7% |
| 2025 | -444.66 million | -11.7% |
| 2026 | -1.84 billion | +313.3% |
| 2027 | -1.91 billion | +3.8% |
| 2028 | -1.79 billion | -6.0% |
| 2029 | -1.50 billion | -16.4% |
| 2030 | -1.57 billion | +5.1% |
| 2031 | -1.60 billion | +1.7% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -1.60 billion is above the median for high income countries, which is -11.72 billion, 14% of the median. (12 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -1.60 billion is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is -1.60 billion, 1.0× the median. (7 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | -4366.5% | -33.65 million | -1.50 billion |
| 2012 | -1825.4% | -8.65 million | -166.51 million |
| 2001 | +1313.7% | -2.33 million | 28.27 million |
| 1997 | +894.8% | -19.34 million | 153.71 million |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 5.17 million | -166.53 million | 153.71 million | 5 |
| 2000s | 8.38 million | -556.08 million | 352.41 million | 10 |
| 2010s | -123.02 million | -307.29 million | 78.47 million | 10 |
| 2020s | -1.18 billion | -1.91 billion | -368.95 million | 10 |
| 2030s | -1.59 billion | -1.60 billion | -1.57 billion | 2 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More external debt data for Estonia
- Net financial flows, IBRD 0 NFL, current US$ (2025)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 0 NFL, current US$ per person (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2009)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre 0 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2009)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$), annual growth rate 100 % change on previous year (2016)
- Other investment, Debt instruments 27.54 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 18.63 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 4.40 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 20,156 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.5856 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Estonia was -1.60 billion in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 352.41 million in 2007.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -1.91 billion in 2027.
- How does Estonia rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Estonia ranks 10th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 99.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Domestic currency (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.