Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in Ghana
Ghana: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic was 29.78 billion in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Ghana, 1980–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana is 29.78 billion, measured in 2031.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 13.3% on the previous year and up 235.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana peaked at 34.82 billion in 2029 and was at its lowest, -43.77 billion, in 2020.
Ghana ranks 5th of 24 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in Ghana, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | -430,000 | — |
| 1981 | -540,000 | +25.6% |
| 1982 | -199,000 | -63.1% |
| 1983 | -273,000 | +37.2% |
| 1984 | -290,000 | +6.2% |
| 1985 | -524,000 | +80.7% |
| 1986 | -562,000 | +7.3% |
| 1987 | -745,000 | +32.6% |
| 1988 | -1.75 million | +135.4% |
| 1989 | -1.13 million | -35.4% |
| 1990 | -7.25 million | +539.9% |
| 1991 | -5.35 million | -26.2% |
| 1992 | -28.63 million | +435.1% |
| 1993 | -37.32 million | +30.3% |
| 1994 | -41.06 million | +10.0% |
| 1995 | -52.19 million | +27.1% |
| 1996 | -94.72 million | +81.5% |
| 1997 | -125.61 million | +32.6% |
| 1998 | -105.39 million | -16.1% |
| 1999 | -173.42 million | +64.6% |
| 2000 | -64.52 million | -62.8% |
| 2001 | -110.62 million | +71.5% |
| 2002 | -107.71 million | -2.6% |
| 2003 | 84.45 million | -178.4% |
| 2004 | -48.84 million | -157.8% |
| 2005 | -93.99 million | +92.4% |
| 2006 | -487.20 million | +418.4% |
| 2007 | -1.24 billion | +153.6% |
| 2008 | -1.74 billion | +40.5% |
| 2009 | -1.60 billion | -7.7% |
| 2010 | -3.19 billion | +99.2% |
| 2011 | -2.84 billion | -10.9% |
| 2012 | -5.84 billion | +105.4% |
| 2013 | -6.95 billion | +19.0% |
| 2014 | -5.32 billion | -23.5% |
| 2015 | 1.72 billion | -132.4% |
| 2016 | -3.28 billion | -290.9% |
| 2017 | 3.15 billion | -195.9% |
| 2018 | -4.17 billion | -232.4% |
| 2019 | -7.04 billion | +68.9% |
| 2020 | -43.77 billion | +521.7% |
| 2021 | -22.03 billion | -49.7% |
| 2022 | -26.56 billion | +20.6% |
| 2023 | -2.83 billion | -89.3% |
| 2024 | -26.48 billion | +836.3% |
| 2025 | 30.59 billion | -215.5% |
| 2026 | 23.62 billion | -22.8% |
| 2027 | 27.07 billion | +14.6% |
| 2028 | 30.70 billion | +13.4% |
| 2029 | 34.82 billion | +13.4% |
| 2030 | 26.29 billion | -24.5% |
| 2031 | 29.78 billion | +13.3% |
Ghana compared with similar countries
- Ghana's 29.78 billion is above the median for lower middle income countries, which is 29.78 billion, 1.0× the median. (5 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in Ghana changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -836.3% | -2.83 billion | -26.48 billion |
| 1990 | -539.9% | -1.13 million | -7.25 million |
| 2020 | -521.7% | -7.04 billion | -43.77 billion |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -645,000 | -1.75 million | -199,000 | 10 |
| 1990s | -67.09 million | -173.42 million | -5.35 million | 10 |
| 2000s | -540.24 million | -1.74 billion | 84.45 million | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.38 billion | -7.04 billion | 3.15 billion | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.51 billion | -43.77 billion | 34.82 billion | 10 |
| 2030s | 28.03 billion | 26.29 billion | 29.78 billion | 2 |
Countries ranked near Ghana
- 2 Dominican Republic 194.46 billion compare
- 3 Nigeria 177.02 billion compare
- 4 United Arab Emirates 151.53 billion compare
- 6 Spain 8.18 billion compare
- 7 Honduras 975.05 million compare
- 8 Montenegro -161.75 million compare
More external debt data for Ghana
- Net financial flows, IBRD -2.25 million NFL, current US$ (2005)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita -1.02 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP -0.0004 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre -281.78 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita 24.5 NFL, current US$ per person (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0101 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre 2,240 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Use of IMF credit 5.36 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) 26.55 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, long-term 30.56 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Ghana was 29.78 billion in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
- The highest recorded value was 34.82 billion in 2029.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Ghana?
- The lowest recorded value was -43.77 billion in 2020.
- How does Ghana rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Ghana ranks 5th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Ghana?
- Over the last ten years it is up 235.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Ghana data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Domestic currency (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.