Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Spain
Spain: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was 8.18 billion in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2031)
8.18 billion
Change on year
up 4.1%
World rank
6th
of 24 countries
All-time high
33.92 billion
in 2006
All-time low
-106.48 billion
in 2009
Years of data
52
1980–2031
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Spain, 1980–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
Spain recorded 8.18 billion for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in 2031.
That represents a change of up 4.1% on the previous year and up 114.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Spain peaked at 33.92 billion in 2006 and was at its lowest, -106.48 billion, in 2009.
Spain ranks 6th of 24 countries on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | -2.01 billion | — |
| 1981 | -2.71 billion | +34.9% |
| 1982 | -7.16 billion | +164.6% |
| 1983 | -6.65 billion | -7.1% |
| 1984 | -7.52 billion | +13.1% |
| 1985 | -8.68 billion | +15.5% |
| 1986 | -6.93 billion | -20.2% |
| 1987 | -2.32 billion | -66.6% |
| 1988 | -2.19 billion | -5.3% |
| 1989 | -998.02 million | -54.5% |
| 1990 | -3.53 billion | +254.0% |
| 1991 | -5.59 billion | +58.1% |
| 1992 | -2.58 billion | -53.8% |
| 1993 | -10.27 billion | +298.4% |
| 1994 | -9.76 billion | -5.0% |
| 1995 | -10.97 billion | +12.4% |
| 1996 | -6.61 billion | -39.7% |
| 1997 | 1.12 billion | -117.0% |
| 1998 | 5.61 billion | +400.0% |
| 1999 | 11.04 billion | +96.8% |
| 2000 | 10.66 billion | -3.4% |
| 2001 | 14.26 billion | +33.8% |
| 2002 | 14.59 billion | +2.3% |
| 2003 | 13.14 billion | -9.9% |
| 2004 | 14.24 billion | +8.3% |
| 2005 | 25.20 billion | +77.0% |
| 2006 | 33.92 billion | +34.6% |
| 2007 | 31.83 billion | -6.2% |
| 2008 | -39.22 billion | -223.2% |
| 2009 | -106.48 billion | +171.5% |
| 2010 | -85.82 billion | -19.4% |
| 2011 | -82.69 billion | -3.6% |
| 2012 | -92.85 billion | +12.3% |
| 2013 | -46.41 billion | -50.0% |
| 2014 | -32.10 billion | -30.8% |
| 2015 | -29.08 billion | -9.4% |
| 2016 | -21.16 billion | -27.2% |
| 2017 | -10.13 billion | -52.1% |
| 2018 | -4.84 billion | -52.2% |
| 2019 | -12.55 billion | +159.1% |
| 2020 | -90.33 billion | +619.7% |
| 2021 | -58.35 billion | -35.4% |
| 2022 | -34.25 billion | -41.3% |
| 2023 | -23.08 billion | -32.6% |
| 2024 | -22.39 billion | -3.0% |
| 2025 | -6.17 billion | -72.5% |
| 2026 | 5.15 billion | -183.5% |
| 2027 | 2.67 billion | -48.1% |
| 2028 | 5.75 billion | +115.2% |
| 2029 | 7.02 billion | +22.0% |
| 2030 | 7.86 billion | +11.9% |
| 2031 | 8.18 billion | +4.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -4.72 billion | -8.68 billion | -998.02 million | 10 |
| 1990s | -3.15 billion | -10.97 billion | 11.04 billion | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.22 billion | -106.48 billion | 33.92 billion | 10 |
| 2010s | -41.76 billion | -92.85 billion | -4.84 billion | 10 |
| 2020s | -21.40 billion | -90.33 billion | 7.02 billion | 10 |
| 2030s | 8.02 billion | 7.86 billion | 8.18 billion | 2 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More external debt data for Spain
- Other investment, Debt instruments 1.18 trillion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 24.9 % change on previous year (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 727.36 billion US dollar (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 23,915 US dollar per person (2025)
- Other investment, Debt instruments (Assets, Positions, US dollar) 0.6191 US dollar per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Liabilities, International Liquidity, Liabilities to Nonresidents 130.05 billion (2024)
- Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Percent of -2.02 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 27.17 % change on previous year (2025)
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government 0.6025 (2030)
- Other investment, Debt instruments, Deposit taking corporations 14,737 US dollar per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Spain?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in Spain was 8.18 billion in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 33.92 billion in 2006.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was -106.48 billion in 2009.
- How does Spain rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- Spain ranks 6th out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 114.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Domestic currency (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 52 observations, free to reuse under IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.