Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in India
India: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic was -9.71 trillion in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in India, 1989–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India is -9.71 trillion, measured in 2031.
The figure is down 6.4% on the previous year and up 3.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India peaked at 546.71 billion in 2007 and was at its lowest, -14.41 trillion, in 2020.
That places India 21st out of 24 countries with data for 2031, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in India, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | -236.97 billion | — |
| 1990 | -276.08 billion | +16.5% |
| 1991 | -292.08 billion | +5.8% |
| 1992 | -361.27 billion | +23.7% |
| 1993 | -471.68 billion | +30.6% |
| 1994 | -456.81 billion | -3.2% |
| 1995 | -415.97 billion | -8.9% |
| 1996 | -457.40 billion | +10.0% |
| 1997 | -752.70 billion | +64.6% |
| 1998 | -1.10 trillion | +46.4% |
| 1999 | -969.12 billion | -12.1% |
| 2000 | -887.06 billion | -8.5% |
| 2001 | -1.49 trillion | +68.3% |
| 2002 | -1.55 trillion | +4.0% |
| 2003 | -1.81 trillion | +16.9% |
| 2004 | -1.34 trillion | -26.0% |
| 2005 | -594.20 billion | -55.7% |
| 2006 | -93.05 billion | -84.3% |
| 2007 | 546.71 billion | -687.6% |
| 2008 | -1.87 trillion | -441.5% |
| 2009 | -2.93 trillion | +57.2% |
| 2010 | -3.23 trillion | +10.1% |
| 2011 | -3.22 trillion | -0.4% |
| 2012 | -2.92 trillion | -9.1% |
| 2013 | -2.46 trillion | -15.9% |
| 2014 | -2.93 trillion | +19.2% |
| 2015 | -3.70 trillion | +26.1% |
| 2016 | -3.88 trillion | +4.9% |
| 2017 | -2.69 trillion | -30.5% |
| 2018 | -3.16 trillion | +17.2% |
| 2019 | -6.03 trillion | +91.1% |
| 2020 | -14.41 trillion | +138.8% |
| 2021 | -10.06 trillion | -30.2% |
| 2022 | -10.44 trillion | +3.8% |
| 2023 | -8.91 trillion | -14.7% |
| 2024 | -9.41 trillion | +5.6% |
| 2025 | -7.20 trillion | -23.5% |
| 2026 | -7.39 trillion | +2.7% |
| 2027 | -7.89 trillion | +6.7% |
| 2028 | -8.30 trillion | +5.3% |
| 2029 | -8.72 trillion | +5.0% |
| 2030 | -9.13 trillion | +4.8% |
| 2031 | -9.71 trillion | +6.4% |
India compared with similar countries
- India's -9.71 trillion is below the median for lower middle income countries, which is 29.78 billion. (5 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General … Domestic in India changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | +687.6% | -93.05 billion | 546.71 billion |
| 2008 | -441.5% | 546.71 billion | -1.87 trillion |
| 2020 | -138.8% | -6.03 trillion | -14.41 trillion |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -236.97 billion | -236.97 billion | -236.97 billion | 1 |
| 1990s | -555.54 billion | -1.10 trillion | -276.08 billion | 10 |
| 2000s | -1.20 trillion | -2.93 trillion | 546.71 billion | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.42 trillion | -6.03 trillion | -2.46 trillion | 10 |
| 2020s | -9.27 trillion | -14.41 trillion | -7.20 trillion | 10 |
| 2030s | -9.42 trillion | -9.71 trillion | -9.13 trillion | 2 |
Countries ranked near India
More external debt data for India
- Net financial flows, IBRD -778.70 million NFL, current US$ (2025)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita 1.1 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP 0.0004 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre 51.04 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita -1.42 NFL, current US$ per person (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP -0.0005 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per square kilometre -611.93 NFL, current US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Use of IMF credit 22.66 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) 252.90 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
- External debt stocks, long-term 590.08 billion DOD, current US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India was -9.71 trillion in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 546.71 billion in 2007.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was -14.41 trillion in 2020.
- How does India rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- India ranks 21st out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 3.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Domestic currency (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.