Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in India
India: Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government was -9.71 trillion in 2031. ◆ Volatile
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in India, 1989–2031
Source: International Monetary Fund.
Analysis
The most recent figure for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India is -9.71 trillion, measured in 2031.
The figure is down 6.4% on the previous year and up 3.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India peaked at 546.71 billion in 2007 and was at its lowest, -14.41 trillion, in 2020.
That places India 21st out of 24 countries with data for 2031, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government in India, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | -236.97 billion | — |
| 1990 | -276.08 billion | +16.5% |
| 1991 | -292.08 billion | +5.8% |
| 1992 | -361.27 billion | +23.7% |
| 1993 | -471.68 billion | +30.6% |
| 1994 | -456.81 billion | -3.2% |
| 1995 | -415.97 billion | -8.9% |
| 1996 | -457.40 billion | +10.0% |
| 1997 | -752.70 billion | +64.6% |
| 1998 | -1.10 trillion | +46.4% |
| 1999 | -969.12 billion | -12.1% |
| 2000 | -887.06 billion | -8.5% |
| 2001 | -1.49 trillion | +68.3% |
| 2002 | -1.55 trillion | +4.0% |
| 2003 | -1.81 trillion | +16.9% |
| 2004 | -1.34 trillion | -26.0% |
| 2005 | -594.20 billion | -55.7% |
| 2006 | -93.05 billion | -84.3% |
| 2007 | 546.71 billion | -687.6% |
| 2008 | -1.87 trillion | -441.5% |
| 2009 | -2.93 trillion | +57.2% |
| 2010 | -3.23 trillion | +10.1% |
| 2011 | -3.22 trillion | -0.4% |
| 2012 | -2.92 trillion | -9.1% |
| 2013 | -2.46 trillion | -15.9% |
| 2014 | -2.93 trillion | +19.2% |
| 2015 | -3.70 trillion | +26.1% |
| 2016 | -3.88 trillion | +4.9% |
| 2017 | -2.69 trillion | -30.5% |
| 2018 | -3.16 trillion | +17.2% |
| 2019 | -6.03 trillion | +91.1% |
| 2020 | -14.41 trillion | +138.8% |
| 2021 | -10.06 trillion | -30.2% |
| 2022 | -10.44 trillion | +3.8% |
| 2023 | -8.91 trillion | -14.7% |
| 2024 | -9.41 trillion | +5.6% |
| 2025 | -7.20 trillion | -23.5% |
| 2026 | -7.39 trillion | +2.7% |
| 2027 | -7.89 trillion | +6.7% |
| 2028 | -8.30 trillion | +5.3% |
| 2029 | -8.72 trillion | +5.0% |
| 2030 | -9.13 trillion | +4.8% |
| 2031 | -9.71 trillion | +6.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | -236.97 billion | -236.97 billion | -236.97 billion | 1 |
| 1990s | -555.54 billion | -1.10 trillion | -276.08 billion | 10 |
| 2000s | -1.20 trillion | -2.93 trillion | 546.71 billion | 10 |
| 2010s | -3.42 trillion | -6.03 trillion | -2.46 trillion | 10 |
| 2020s | -9.27 trillion | -14.41 trillion | -7.20 trillion | 10 |
| 2030s | -9.42 trillion | -9.71 trillion | -9.13 trillion | 2 |
Countries ranked near India
- 18 Saudi Arabia -136.00 billion compare
- 19 Thailand -180.59 billion compare
- 20 Türkiye -555.12 billion compare
- 22 Japan -18.03 trillion compare
- 23 Republic of Korea -29.09 trillion compare
- 24 Iran, Islamic Republic of -35,211.60 trillion compare
More external debt data for India
- IFC, private nonguaranteed 1.60 billion NFL, US$ (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per capita 1.1 NFL, US$ per person (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per unit of GDP 0.0004 NFL, US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$), per square kilometre 51.04 NFL, US$ per square kilometre (2023)
- Public and publicly guaranteed debt service 0.7% (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA -2.06 billion NFL, current US$ (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per capita -1.42 NFL, current US$ per person (2024)
- Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$), per unit of GDP -0.0005 NFL, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Net financial flows, IBRD 1.88 billion NFL, current US$ (2024)
- Public and publicly guaranteed debt service 3.1% (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India?
- Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government in India was -9.71 trillion in 2031, according to International Monetary Fund.
- What is the highest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in India?
- The highest recorded value was 546.71 billion in 2007.
- What is the lowest primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government recorded in India?
- The lowest recorded value was -14.41 trillion in 2020.
- How does India rank for primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government?
- India ranks 21st out of 24 countries with data for 2031.
- Is primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), general government rising or falling in India?
- Over the last ten years it is up 3.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this India data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund, published as part of Primary net lending (+) / net borrowing (-), General government, Domestic currency (9/26/2025). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database is created during the biannual WEO exercise, which begins in January and June of each year and results in the April and September/October WEO publication. Selected series from the publication are available in a database format.