Statizoid

Net debt, General government, Percent of GDP by country

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October

Countries reporting
90
Highest
129.89
Japan
Lowest
-184.84
Norway
Median
42.81
Years covered
40
1991–2030
Data points
3,406

What the numbers show

Net debt, General government, Percent of GDP is currently reported for 90 countries. The highest value is 129.89 in Japan; the lowest is -184.84 in Norway.

The median across all reporting countries is 42.81, and the mean is 45.6.

Over the past decade 47 countries rose and 43 fell. The largest increase was in Estonia (up 606.7%), and the largest decrease in Norway (down 133.8%).

Net debt, General government, Percent of GDP: full country ranking

#Country LatestYear 10-year changeTrend
1 Japan 129.89 2030 down 19.8% rising
2 Italy 128.32 2030 down 9.0% rising
3 France 121.13 2030 up 19.2% rising
4 United States of America 116.8 2030 up 21.5% rising
5 Belgium 111.2 2030 up 16.3% rising
6 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 96.44 2030 up 3.6% rising
7 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 91.84 2030 up 40.8% volatile
8 South Africa 83.93 2030 up 35.1% rising
9 Spain 80.43 2030 down 21.1% rising
10 Algeria 77.95 2030 up 101.2% volatile
11 Barbados 76 2030 down 40.3% rising
12 Saint Kitts and Nevis 75.37 2030 up 62.5% falling
13 Brazil 73.82 2030 up 20.3% rising
14 Portugal 73.68 2030 down 39.7% rising
15 Cape Verde 73.63 2030 down 43.8% rising
16 Fiji 71.78 2030 up 10.4% rising
17 Slovakia 70.76 2030 up 45.8% rising
18 Israel 70.43 2030 up 5.4% falling
19 Austria 68.99 2030 up 16.1% rising
20 Egypt 67.86 2030 down 15.9% rising
21 Kenya 67.63 2030 up 5.9% rising
22 Poland 64.91 2030 up 46.2% rising
23 Namibia 64.66 2030 up 4.6% volatile
24 Hungary 64.03 2030 down 1.3% rising
25 Morocco 63.38 2030 down 11.5% rising
26 Germany 60.15 2030 up 32.7% flat
27 Uruguay 59.67 2030 up 3.9% rising
28 Romania 59.39 2030 up 57.7% volatile
29 Lebanon 58.01 2030 down 60.3% falling
30 Pakistan 56.57 2030 down 23.7% rising
31 Zambia 55.73 2030 down 59.6% volatile
32 Botswana 55.66 2030 up 169.0% volatile
33 Colombia 54.79 2030 up 1.1% rising
34 Mexico 54.44 2030 up 8.5% rising
35 North Macedonia 54.24 2030 up 8.3% rising
36 Costa Rica 53.67 2030 down 19.7% rising
37 Finland 53.02 2030 up 58.1% volatile
38 Slovenia 52.6 2030 down 7.9% rising
39 Lithuania 52.36 2030 up 26.8% rising
40 Yemen 51.42 2030 down 38.3% flat
41 Croatia 50.57 2030 down 27.2% rising
42 Liberia 48 2030 down 18.2% volatile
43 Latvia 46.85 2030 up 37.4% rising
44 South Sudan 44.73 2030 up 13.7% volatile
45 Panama 44.1 2030 up 9.3% flat
46 Dominican Republic 41.53 2030 down 28.0% rising
47 Mali 41.44 2030 up 2.7% rising
48 Niger 40.28 2030 down 1.8% falling
49 Albania 40.16 2030 down 42.1% falling
50 Netherlands 40.01 2030 down 9.1% falling
51 Indonesia 39.9 2030 up 10.4% rising
52 Seychelles 39.67 2030 down 43.3% volatile
53 Malta 39.65 2030 up 3.2% falling
54 Serbia 39.43 2030 down 22.3% falling
55 Eswatini 39 2030 up 36.6% volatile
56 Mauritania 37.41 2030 down 32.6% falling
57 Iran, Islamic Republic of 37.1 2030 down 9.1% volatile
58 Czechia 36.74 2030 up 59.1% rising
59 Paraguay 35.65 2030 up 10.6% rising
60 Equatorial Guinea 34.85 2030 down 15.0% volatile
61 Nigeria 33.7 2030 up 94.3% volatile
62 Saudi Arabia 32.26 2030 up 122.7% volatile
63 Iceland 31.94 2030 down 46.5% flat
64 Ethiopia 31.43 2030 down 37.2% falling
65 Australia 30.95 2030 down 14.2% volatile
66 Cameroon 30.5 2030 down 28.8% falling
67 Bulgaria 29.8 2030 up 131.1% volatile
68 Chile 28.26 2030 up 112.3% volatile
69 Bosnia and Herzegovina 28.06 2030 up 8.7% falling
70 Peru 25.94 2030 up 30.1% volatile
71 Guyana 25.93 2030 down 54.2% falling
72 New Zealand 24.64 2030 up 138.3% volatile
73 Estonia 24.41 2030 up 606.7% volatile
74 Türkiye 24.17 2030 down 19.9% falling
75 Ireland 22.31 2030 down 53.9% volatile
76 Syrian Arab Republic 18.81 2010 down 83.3% volatile
77 Trinidad and Tobago 17.65 2030 up 85.6% volatile
78 Djibouti 17.31 2030 down 57.6% falling
79 Canada 15.87 2030 down 2.5% volatile
80 Sweden 15.01 2030 up 58.5% volatile
81 Republic of Korea 12.88 2030 up 495.2% volatile
82 Switzerland 12.28 2030 down 39.8% falling
83 Cyprus 12.03 2030 down 79.2% falling
84 Taiwan, China 7.96 2030 down 73.5% falling
85 Kazakhstan 5.6 2030 up 165.0% volatile
86 Luxembourg 5.35 2030 up 151.3% volatile
87 Lesotho -1.51 2030 down 107.3% volatile
88 Denmark -2.53 2030 down 116.5% volatile
89 Oman -5.54 2030 down 121.4% volatile
90 Norway -184.84 2030 down 133.8% volatile

Regions and income groups

Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.

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Net debt, General government, Percent of GDP by country. Statizoid, drawing on International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 23 August 2026, from https://debt.statizoid.com/stat/net-debt-general-government-percent-of-gdp/

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About this data

Indicator
Net debt, General government, Percent of GDP
Source
International Monetary Fund
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
105 places, 3,406 data points, 1991–2030
Last refreshed

Fiscal Monitor (FM) 2025 October